桃采后品质劣变生物学及调控技术研究进展  

Advances in postharvest biology and regulation techniques for prevention of fruit quality deterioration in peach

作　　者：周慧娟[1,2] 张夏南[1,2] 周讯 苏明申 杜纪红[1,2] 李雄伟[1,2] 张明昊[1,2] 叶正文 ZHOU Huijuan;ZHANG Xianan;ZHOU Xun;SU Mingshen;DU Jihong;LI Xiongwei;ZHANG Minghao;YE Zhengwen(Forest and Fruit Tree Research Institute,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai 201403,China;Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology,Shanghai 201403,China;Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434023,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院林木果树研究所,上海201403 [2]上海市设施园艺技术重点实验室,上海201403 [3]长江大学,湖北荆州434023

出　　处：《果树学报》2024年第6期1213-1227,共15页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：上海市科委项目(23N31900600);国家桃产业技术体系(CARS-30);湖湘高层次人才聚集工程-创新团队项目(2021RC5031)。

摘　　要：桃常温放置易腐烂变质,长期的低温冷藏易导致果肉褐变、风味丧失、抗病性降低、有害物质积累等,是桃产业链的关键性采后问题。前人研究表明,采后品质劣变症状及相关代谢酶、蛋白、基因对果实衰老和调控技术表现出应答差异性,为了解研究概况,笔者对采后品质劣变生物学、调控技术、技术和产品的产业化应用等方面的研究进展进行归纳和分析。目前,采后品质劣变生物学主要局限于质地、内在品质和冷害及相关基因的挖掘和验证,调控技术虽然被广泛研究,但仍未解决长期冷藏导致的果实抗病性降低、风味丧失和货架期缩短的问题。建议后续基于多组学技术,从超微结构、糖和能量、挥发性物质、内源激素、采后冷害和病害及基因甲基化等方面进行机制解析,重点从冷链物流体系和抗病防御系统的建立、保鲜剂的研发及配套技术、终端货架和外源激素破休眠技术等方面开展研究。The total area of peach cultivation in our country is 100 hectares,and more than 80%are produced for fresh sales.Peaches are easy to deteriorate at room temperature,long-term cold storage can result in internal browning(IB),loss of flavor,reduction of disease resistance and accumulation of harmful substances,which are all the key postharvest problems in peach industry.With the upgrading of varieties and the flesh texture diversification of peach[melting(MF),non-melting flesh(NMF),stony hard(SH),and slow ripening(SR)],postharvest quality deterioration symptoms as well as related metabolic enzymes,proteins and genes show different responses to fruit senescence and regulation techniques.To understand the research situation,the author has summarized and analyzed the research progress of postharvest quality deterioration biology,regulation technology,industrial application of fresh-keeping products and technologies,and also put forward the shortcomings and development trends.At present,the biology of postharvest quality deterioration is mainly limited to the excavation and verification in functional proteins and genes of fruit texture,internal quality and chilling injury(CI).Fruit softening is a complex process,including cell wall degradation,ethylene metabolism and other metabolic changes.Among them,the gene PpPG is a biomarker of fruit softening and cell wall degradation,and ethylene is the direct factor that leads to fruit softening.Ethylene response factors like PpERF/ABR1 and PpERF61 can also regulate ethylene biosynthesis and fruit softening by activating the promoter of PpPG genes and ripening-related genes.Sugar loss,energy deficiency,active oxygen accumulation,abnormal metabolism of endogenous hormones and gene methylation are the key factors leading to CI by affecting membrane system and ROS.Five structural genes(PpSS,PpINV,PpMGAM,PpFRK and PpHXK)and eight transcription factors(PpMYB1/3,PpMYB-related 1,PpWRKY4,PpBZIP 1/2/3 and PpbHLH2)jointly regulate the sugar metabolism and cold resistance.Down-regulating

关 键 词：桃 品质劣变 采后生物学 调控技术 

分 类 号：S662.1[农业科学—果树学]