哈贝马斯—伽达默尔论辩  

The Habermas-Gadamer Debate

作　　者：杰克·门德尔森 刘明峰(译) Jack Mendelson;Liu Mingfeng

机构地区：[1]纽约市立大学斯塔顿岛学院社会学系 [2]浙江师范大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《德国哲学》2023年第2期250-281,309,310,共34页Chinese Journal of German Philosophy

摘　　要：本文作者从三个主要方面呈现哈贝马斯与伽达默尔论辩的内容。第一,哈贝马斯与伽达默尔的共同点。哈贝马斯的诠释学转向及诠释学与社会科学哲学之间的相同特征都揭示出了这种共同点,即就反对实证主义方法和工具理性而言,诠释学理论,尤其是其中的主体间性概念是被哈贝马斯批判理论所认可和倚重的。第二,哈贝马斯与伽达默尔的分歧。由于伽达默尔的诠释学将前理解作为基本环节引入其中,导致传统以视域融合的合法名义进入理解当中。就后一方面而言,引发了哈贝马斯的批判,他认为伽达默尔以牺牲批判为代价将诠释学理解绝对化,他以海德格尔式的自我理解为基础,将诠释学发展为存在论,不仅缺失了规范性—方法论的维度,而且未能发挥反思的力量,从而无法对偏见和权威做出批判。虽然哈贝马斯的批判理论在较大程度上得到了作者的认可,但是第三,作者认为哈贝马斯基于语言学理论发展的交往理论处在了内在批判与外在批判的两难中。鉴于这种困难的悬而未决,作者试图表明哈贝马斯更倾向于一种有理论依据的内在批判模式。The author of this paper presents three main aspects of the Habermas-Gadamer debate:first,what Habermas and Gadamer have in common.Habermas’s hermeneutic turn and the same features between hermeneutics and the philosophy of social sciences reveal this common ground,that is,the hermeneutic theory,especially the concept of intersubjectivity therein,is recognized and relied upon by Habermas’s critical theory as far as the rejection of positivist methods and instrumental rationality.Second,the differences between Habermas and Gadamer.Since Gadamer’s hermeneutics introduces pre-understanding as a fundamental link,it leads to the entry of tradition into understanding in the legitimate name of the fusion of horizons.As far as the latter aspect is concerned,it provokes a critique by Habermas,who argues that Gadamer had absolutized hermeneutic understanding at the expense of cri-tique. Based on a Heideggerian self-understanding, Gadamer develops hermeneutics as ontolo-gy, which not only lacks a normative-methodological dimension, but also fails to exert the power of reflection and thus fails to make a critique of prejudice and authority. Although Habermas’s critical theory is recognized to a greater extent by the authors, thirdly, the authors argue that Habermas’s theory of communication developed on the basis of linguistic theory is in the dilemma of immanent and external critique. Given this difficulty’s suspense, the authors show that Habermas prefers the model of theoretically-informed immanent critique.

关 键 词：诠释学 前理解 批判 意识形态 交往理论 

分 类 号：B516.59[哲学宗教—外国哲学]