“寒门”职校中的“贵子”:对中职生学业成功的透视与反思  

The“Noble Son”in the“Humble”Vocational School:Perspective and Reflection on the Academic Success of Secondary Vocational Students

作　　者：马小婷 Ma Xiaoting

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学教育学院

出　　处：《中国职业技术教育》2024年第16期69-78,共10页Chinese Vocational and Technical Education

基　　金：北京市高等教育学会2023年度课题“‘科技·教育·人才’一体化的技术技能人才要素模型与培养路径”(项目编号:MS2023389,主持人:薛寒)。

摘　　要：我国的中职学生是一个规模庞大的受教育群体,有着特殊的教育环境和背景。随着职业教育的高质量发展,以“职教高考”为主的升学考试制度为中职学生的发展提供了良好的升学通道。然而,作为底层子弟的中职生洞察到中职教育的结构性约束和生存困境,在就读阶段表达出强烈的升学意愿和对文凭符号的崇拜,通过持续性的学习投入、自我约束和“苦读文化”加强了个体的自我价值感和胜任感,并积极寻求社会、学校、教师等重要他人的帮助和资本补给,在带有“劣势”和“缺陷”的学校场域中完成对自我的重塑、逆袭与超越,突破家庭经济资本、文化资本和社会资本缺失的结构性困境,进而实现向上流动的社会意义与价值生产。聚焦中职生群体的就读体验和突围过程,分析其升学背后的制度性困境与结构性约束等深层原因,以期为构建高质量职业教育体系,培养高质量技能人才提供可行策略。Vocational school students in our country are a large group of educated individuals with a unique educational environment and background.With the high-quality development of vocational education,the vocational education college entrance examination system,which mainly focuses on vocational education,provides a good pathway for the development of vocational school students.However,as children at the bottom level,vocational school students have an insight into the structural constraints and survival difficulties of vocational education.They express a strong desire for further education and worship the symbol of diploma during their studies.Through continuous learning investment,self-restraint,and a culture of hard study,they strengthen their sense of self-worth and competence,actively seek help and capital supply from important others such as society,schools,and teachers,and complete the reshaping,counterattack,and transcendence of themselves in the school field with"disadvantages"and"defects".They break through the structural dilemma of lacking family economic capital,cultural capital,and social capital,and thus achieve upward mobility of social significance and value production.Focusing on the learning experience and breakthrough process of vocational school students,analyzing the underlying institutional difficulties and structural constraints behind their further education,in order to provide feasible strategies for building a high-quality vocational education system and cultivating high-quality skilled talents.

关 键 词：职业教育 中职生 学业成功 文化生产 

分 类 号：G710[文化科学—职业技术教育学]