基于微生物分型的归因方法对我国归因研究的启示  

Source attribution methods based on microbial subtyping for source attribution of foodborne diseases in China

作　　者：张力匀 叶欣 白莉 杨杏芬 刘兆平 王彝白纳 ZHANG Liyun;YE Xin;BAI Li;YANG Xingfen;LIU Zhaoping;WANG Yibaina(School of Public Health,Southern Medical University,Guangdong Guangzhou 510515,China;School of Mathematics and Statistics,Wuhan University,Hubei Wuhan 430072,China;China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment,Beijing 100022,China)

机构地区：[1]南方医科大学公共卫生学院,广东广州510515 [2]国家食品安全风险评估中心,北京100022 [3]武汉大学数学与统计学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《中国食品卫生杂志》2024年第3期339-345,共7页Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(32202185);国家食品安全风险评估中心高层次人才队伍建设项目。

摘　　要：食源性疾病是全球重要的公共卫生问题,尤其以微生物危害因素中致病菌导致的危害最为严重,在基于风险的食品安全管理体系下,识别优先管控的危害因素极其重要的食物来源是防控食源性疾病的前提和关键。结合微生物分型和统计建模的归因方法是国际通用的以确定不同食物来源对食源性疾病相对贡献的技术方法,目前欧美等国已经建立了频率匹配和群体遗传学两大类基于微生物分型的归因方法模型,并将其结果转化为食品安全风险管控措施制定的科学依据,而我国目前正处于食源性疾病归因方法研究的初步探索阶段。本文系统梳理了目前国际广泛应用的归因方法的方法原理和模型,结合我国食源性疾病归因研究基础和现状,提出“建方法、合数据、搭平台、强交流”四个我国下阶段食源性疾病归因体系建设的工作方向,其中研发本土化微生物分型归因模型方法是解决我国确证管控核心和防控我国食源性疾病面临的挑战,最终实现食品安全和保障人民生命健康。Foodborne diseases are major global public health issues.Among microbial hazards,foodborne diseases are the most serious problem caused by pathogenic bacteria.Under the risk-based food safety management system,identifying the priority hazards and their important food sources is the premise and key to the prevention and control foodborne diseases.Currently,Europe,the United States,and other countries have established two categories of source attribution methods based on microbial subtyping.The results of these methods were transformed on a scientific basis to formulate food safety risk control measures.China is in the preliminary exploration stage of source attribution method research of foodborne disease.This study aimed to systematically sort the methodological principles and models of source attribution methods widely used internationally,combine the basis and current situation of foodborne disease source attribution research in China,and suggest four work directions for constructing the next stage of foodborne disease source attribution system in China.These directions include developing methods,combining data,building platforms and strong exchanges,which involves the development of localized source attribution model based on microbial subtyping to solve the challenges associated with confirming control and preventing and controlling foodborne diseases in China,and achieving food safety and protecting the lives and health of individuals.

关 键 词：归因分析 食源性疾病 食源性致病菌 

分 类 号：R155[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]