不同菌材栽培糙皮侧耳营养品质综合评价  

Comprehensive evaluation of the nutritional quality of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivated in different fungus-growing materials substrate

作　　者：张时馨 陈荟 耿阳阳 ZHANG Shi-Xin;CHEN Hui;GENG Yang-Yang(Guizhou Institute of Walnut,Guiyang 550005,China;Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China Guizhou Academy of Forestry,Guiyang 550005,China;Guizhou Yunguanshan National Forest Farm,Guiyang 550005,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省核桃研究所,贵阳550005 [2]贵州省林业科学研究院,西南喀斯特山地生物多样性保护国家林业和草原局重点实验室,贵阳550005 [3]贵州省云关山国有林场,贵阳550005

出　　处：《食品安全质量检测学报》2024年第9期321-331,共11页Journal of Food Safety and Quality

基　　金：贵州省林业科研项目(黔林科合J字[2022]09号);贵州省科技重大专项(黔科合重大专项字[2019]3006)。

摘　　要：目的分析不同菌材栽培糙皮侧耳(Pleurotus ostreatus)生长及营养品质差异,并对其营养品质进行综合评价。方法以贵州5种常见菌材锥栗(Castanea henryi)、构树(Broussonetia papyrifera)、刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)、光皮桦(Betula luminifera)、青冈(Quercus glauca)为主要培养料栽培糙皮侧耳,对糙皮侧耳菌丝生长、子实体主要农艺性状及营养品质进行分析。结果糙皮侧耳在光皮桦培养基上菌丝生长速率更快,在锥栗和刺槐栽培基质中子实体主要农艺性状更好。刺槐栽培基质中糙皮侧耳子实体粗蛋白、Cu、Zn、K元素含量最高,锥栗栽培基质中糙皮侧耳子实体多糖、Na、Mg、Fe、Ca元素含量最高。以5种菌材栽培的糙皮侧耳子实体总氨基酸、必需氨基酸含量为刺槐>青冈>光皮桦>构树>锥栗,总药用氨基酸含量为青冈>刺槐>光皮桦>构树>锥栗。5种菌材栽培的糙皮侧耳子实体呈味氨基酸主要为甜味和苦味氨基酸,其中光皮桦栽培的糙皮侧耳子实体鲜甜味更佳。必需氨基酸营养品质评价及营养品质综合评价结果表明刺槐栽培糙皮侧耳子实体综合营养品质更好。Fe、苏氨酸、丙氨酸、谷氨酸、精氨酸、天冬氨酸、组氨酸、Zn和多糖是5种菌材栽培的糙皮侧耳子实体主要差异营养成分。相关性分析结果显示菌材营养成分主要与糙皮侧耳菌丝生长、子实体主要农艺性状和矿物质元素含量显著相关。结论不同营养成分的菌材对糙皮侧耳子实体生长和营养品质的影响不同,刺槐更适合作为生产糙皮侧耳主栽菌材。Objective To analyze the differences in growth and nutritional quality of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivated in different fungus-growing materials substrate and to evaluate their nutritional quality.Methods Five kinds of local fungus-growing materials in Guizhou,including Castanea henryi,Broussonetia papyrifera,Robinia pseudoacacia,Betula luminifera,and Quercus glauca,were used as the main sawdust cultivation substrates to cultivate Pleurotus ostreatus.The mycelial growth,main agronomic traits of fruiting bodies,nutritional quality of Pleurotus ostreatus were studied.Results The mycelial growth rate of Pleurotus ostreatus were faster on the medium of Betula luminifera,while the main agronomic traits of fruiting bodies were better in Castanea henryi and Robinia pseudoacacia sawdust cultivation substrates.The content of crude protein,Cu,Zn,and K elements of Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting bodies in Robinia pseudoacacia sawdust cultivation substrates were the highest,while the content of polysaccharide content,Na,Mg,Fe,and Ca elements of Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting bodies in Castanea henryi sawdust cultivation substrates had the highest.The total amino acids and indispensable amino acids of the 5 kinds of Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting bodies were in the order of Robinia pseudoacacia>Quercus glauca>Betula luminifera>Broussonetia papyrifera>Castanea henryi.The total medicinal amino acids were in the order of Quercus glauca>Robinia pseudoacacia>Betula luminifera>Broussonetia papyrifera>Castanea henryi.The main flavor amino acids of Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting bodies cultivated in 5 kinds of fungus-growing materials were mainly sweet and bitter amino acids,among which the umami and sweet taste of the Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting bodies cultivated in Betula luminifera cultivation substrate was better.The evaluation of indispensable amino acid nutritional quality and the comprehensive evaluation of nutritional quality indicated that the comprehensive nutritional quality of Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting bodies in Robinia pseudoac

关 键 词：糙皮侧耳 菌材 营养品质 氨基酸 相关性 

分 类 号：TS219[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]