美国一流高校本科生“职业生涯共同体”:组织特征与实践探索  

The Undergraduate"Career Community"in America's Top Universities:Organizational Characteristics and Practical Exploration

作　　者：高婷婷 Gao Tingting

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学教育学部,上海200062

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（高等教育）》2023年第12期146-156,共11页

基　　金：2022年度教育部人文社科一般项目“拔尖本科生培养体系优化策略的理论与实证研究”(项目编号:22YJA880067)。

摘　　要：社会转型之下,本科生“职业生涯共同体”成为优化职业发展服务模式、重构高校社会契约的一项创新实践。美国7所一流高校已建立了结构完善的本科生“职业生涯共同体”,均由学生、职业教练、雇主、校友等主体构成,并遵循以学生为结点的“多元一体”“成员交互”运行规律。以主体间交互关系建立为行为机制和目标,基于职业发展工具与资源,共同体探索了职业早期体验、信息采访与职业研讨、实习项目与职业跋涉、高影响力项目与职业影子四类创新实践,引发了“将本科生职业发展上升为高校育人优先事项”的思考。这启示我国一流高校要全面重视和升级本科生职业生涯教育,促进校内外主体合作和资源互享,创新职业发展服务模式和情境以提升本科生生涯建构能力。Under social transformation,the undergraduate"career community"has become an innovative prac-tice for optimizing career development service models and reconstructing the contract between universities and the working world.Seven top universities in the United States have established well-structured undergraduate"career communities",composed of students,career coaches,employers,alumni and other subjects,and follow the"multi-in-one"and"member interaction"operating rules with students as nodes.Based on the interaction relationship between subjects as the behavioral mechanism and goal,and based on career development tools and resources,the community has explored four types of innovative practices:early career experience,information interviews and career seminars,internship projects and career trekking,high-impact projects and career shadowing.This has triggered thinking about"elevating undergraduate career development to a priority for university education".It inspires first-class universities in China to comprehensively attach importance to and upgrade undergraduate career education,promote cooperation and resource sharing between internal and external entities,innovate career development service models and scenari-os,and enhance undergraduate career construction ability.

关 键 词：美国 一流高校 职业生涯共同体 本科生 职业生涯发展 

分 类 号：G647.38[文化科学—高等教育学]