不同栽培基质对香菇营养成分及挥发性风味物质含量的影响  

Effects of Different Cultivation Substrates on Natrient and Volatile Flavor Substances of Lentinula edodes

作　　者：尹淑丽[1] 孙劲冲[1] 王一鸣 梁然 刘振国[1] 温佩瑶 YIN Shuli;SUN Jinchong;WANG Yiming;LIANG Ran;LIU Zhenguo;WEN Peiyao(Biology Institute,Hebei Academy of Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050081,China;Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Luquan District,Shijiazhuang 050200,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省科学院生物研究所,河北石家庄050081 [2]鹿泉区农业技术推广中心,河北石家庄050200

出　　处：《中国食用菌》2024年第3期63-71,共9页Edible Fungi of China

基　　金：河北省科技厅省重点研发计划项目(21373804D)。

摘　　要：为了探究园林木屑和松木屑对香菇营养物质及挥发性风味物质的影响,采用6种不同配方栽培2个香菇品种,测定子实体中灰分、脂肪、蛋白质、粗纤维和粗多糖的含量,采用顶空固相微萃取法分离香气成分,以气相色谱-质谱联用技术测定可挥发性物质的含量。结果表明,松木屑基质可提高香菇子实体中蛋白质的含量,较园林木屑基质提高了3.5 g·100^(-1)·g^(-1),较常规木屑提高了1.8 g·100^(-1)·g^(-1)。香菇子实体中挥发性物质含量最多的为醛类、醇类和酮类,这3类中占比最多的物质分别为苯乙醛、1-辛烯-3-醇、3-辛酮。常规木屑基质对T2子实体中醛类物质影响最大,松木屑与常规木屑混合基质对T2子实体中醇类物质影响最大;松木屑与常规木屑混合基质对0912子实体中醛类物质影响最大,常规木屑基质对0912子实体中醇类物质影响最大,松木基质对0912子实体中酮类物质影响大。松木屑基质较园林木屑对2个香菇品种子实体中挥发性物质含量影响大。In order to explore the effects of garden sawdust and pine sawdust on the nutrient and volatile flavor substances of Lentinus edodes,six different formulas were used to cultivate two L.edodes varieties.The contents of ash,fat,protein,crude fiber and crude polysaccharide in fruit body were determined,the aroma components were separated by headspace solid-phase microextraction,and the content of volatile substances was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.The results showed that pine sawdust substrate can improve the content of protein in fruit body of L.edodes,which was 3.5 g·100^(-1)·g^(-1) higher than that of garden sawdust substrate and 1.8 g·100^(-1)·g^(-1) higher than that of conventional sawdust substrate.Among the volatile substances in L.edodes,aldehydes,alcohols and ketones account for the most,and the compounds that account for the most in these three categories are phenylacetaldehyde,1-octene-3-alcohol and 3-octanone,respectively.The conventional sawdust substrate has the greatest influence on aldehydes in T2,and the mixed substrate of pine sawdust and conventional sawdust has the greatest influence on alcohols in T2.The mixed substrate of pine sawdust and conventional sawdust has the greatest influence on aldehydes in 0912,conventional sawdust substrate has the greatest influence on alcohols in 0912,and pine substrate has obvious influence on ketones in 0912.The effect of pine sawdust substrate on the volatile substances content of L.edodes was greater than that of garden sawdust.

关 键 词：食用菌 香菇 栽培基质 挥发性物质 营养物质 

分 类 号：S646.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]