乙二胺四乙酸二钠胁迫暂养对南美白对虾理化指标和细菌群落的影响  

The effects of temporary rearing with edetate disodium on physicochemical indices and bacterial communities of shrimp

作　　者：杨静[1] 刘娇[1] 刘宇 李勇勇 付世骞 娄永江[1] YANG Jing;LIU Jiao;LIU Yu;LI Yongyong;FU Shiqian;LOU Yongjiang(College of Food Science and Engineering,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315832,China)

机构地区：[1]宁波大学食品科学与工程学院,浙江宁波315832

出　　处：《宁波大学学报（理工版）》2024年第4期56-68,共13页Journal of Ningbo University：Natural Science and Engineering Edition

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2020YFD0900903).

摘　　要：南美白对虾具有高水分、高蛋白、高酶活、高虾青素等特点,死后在多酚氧化酶作用下虾头会快速黑变,接着在微生物作用下腐败变质.针对上述问题现有的研究都集中在南美白对虾死后添加抗氧化剂、防腐剂等协同温控进行保鲜,造成消费者接受度低.本研究以活鲜南美白对虾为研究对象,采用添加EDTA-2Na水体胁迫暂养,通过分析多酚氧化酶活力、菌落总数、色泽等探究EDTA-2Na对南美白对虾基础理化指标的影响;在此基础上,利用微生物组技术,进一步探究南美白对虾在暂养过程中细菌群落的差异.结果表明:EDTA-2Na的添加量、暂养时长与多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性、菌落总数成反比,暂养终点有较好的抑制作用.南美白对虾头部、腹部的L*(明暗度)值略有升高,a*(红绿色)和b*(黄蓝色)值均下降,黑变和红变被有效抑制.EDTA-2Na在暂养过程中对南美白对虾肝胰腺部位的菌群数量和菌落结构均有影响,0.1%-24h和0.3%-24h两组的菌群多样性和丰富度较高,更利于菌群动态平衡.南美白对虾肝胰腺的菌门主要有拟杆菌门、变形菌门、厚壁菌门和放线菌门.0.3%-24h组的变形菌门被抑制,表明大量病原体的繁殖被抑制.主要影响南美白对虾肝胰腺的途径为代谢.Litopenaeus vannamei(L.vannamei)is rich in moisture,protein,enzyme activity and astaxanthin.This shrimp,however,has such a feature in that,after death its head turns black rapidly under the action of polyphenol oxidase(PPO),and then its meat gets rot and deteriorate under the action of microorganisms,thus reducing the qualities for commodity sales quickly.At present,researches on the above problems were focused on adding antioxidants and preservatives to keep the dead shrimps fresh through collaborative temperature control,which has the bottleneck of low consumer acceptance.To this end,in this study live L.vannamei was selected as the research object,and it was temporarily reared with EDTA-2Na.The effects of temporary rearing with EDTA-2Na on basic physical and chemical indices of L.vannamei were explored by analyzing the PPO,total viable count,as well as the color of the shrimps.On this basis,the differences in the bacterial community during temporary rearing of L.vannamei were further explored through the microbiome.The specific research results are as follows:the addition amount of EDTA-2Na and the duration of temporary rearing were inversely proportional to PPO activity and total viable count,and the end point of temporary rearing had a better inhibitory effect.L*(lightness)value of L.vannamei head and abdomen was slightly increased,while a*(green to red)and b*(blue to yellow)values were decreased.The blackness and redness of L.vannamei were effectively inhibited.Besides,EDTA-2Na also exhibited effects on the number and structure of bacteria of L.vannamei during temporary rearing.The abundance and diversity of species were higher when the shrimps were temporary reared in an environment in which EDTA was added at 0.1%or 0.3%and the duration of rearing was 24 hours,which were more conducive to the dynamic balance of flora and better quality.The phylum of L.vannamei hepatopancreas mainly consisted of Bacteroidota,Proteobacteria,Firmicutes,Actinobacteriota,Desulfobacteriota.Proteobacteria was inhibited in the 0.3

关 键 词：南美白对虾 暂养 乙二胺四乙酸二钠 黑变 细菌群落 

分 类 号：TS254[轻工技术与工程—水产品加工及贮藏工程]