工作记忆负荷对词汇理解和产生认知老化的不同影响  

Distinct Effects of Working Memory Load in Aging of Word Comprehension and Production

作　　者：徐宁宁 张敏慧 吴翰林 张清芳[1] XU Ningning;ZHANG Minhui;WU Hanlin;ZHANG Qingfang(Department of Psychology,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872;Department of Linguistics and Modern Languages,The Chinese University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong 999077,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学心理学系,北京100872 [2]香港中文大学语言学及现代语言系,中国香港999077

出　　处：《心理发展与教育》2024年第4期457-467,共11页Psychological Development and Education

基　　金：国家语委“十四五”科研规划2021年度重点项目(ZDI145-6);国家自然科学基金面上项目(32171055);教育部人文社科规划基金项目(21YJA190011)。

摘　　要：人类语言能力的衰退受到一般认知能力和语言加工系统两方面的影响,且语言理解和语言产生的衰退存在不同的模式。已有研究主要考虑了语言特异性因素的影响,本研究考察一般认知能力中的工作记忆负荷对词汇理解和词汇产生过程认知老化的影响机制。采用双任务范式,要求被试同时完成数字串回忆和词汇理解(或词汇产生)任务。在排除其他一般认知能力的影响后发现,老年人在词汇理解和产生任务的反应时长于青年人,表现出语言加工过程的认知老化。而且词汇理解的认知老化效应大于词汇产生,表现出认知老化的不对称性。研究表明工作记忆负荷和语言加工任务类型共同影响了语言的认知老化效应。The decline of human language ability is probably affected by language-universal factors and language-specific factors,and the aging of language comprehension and production presents distinct patterns.However,most studies investigated the contribution of language-specific factors in aging of language processing.The current study aims to investigate how working memory load,as one of general cognitive abilities,affects the aging of lexical comprehension and production.In a dual-task paradigm,young and older adults were required to complete a lexical decision(or a lexical production)task as well as a number string recall task.Excluding the influence of other general cognitive abilities such as processing speed,our results showed that older adults presented longer latencies than young adults in lexical decision and lexical production tasks,indicating an age-related decline in language processing.Critically,the aging effect in lexical decision was larger than lexical production,indicating an asymmetrical pattern in word comprehension and production tasks.Our findings reveal that working memory load(as a language-universal factor)and specific language task(as a language-specific factor)affect aging of word processing together.

关 键 词：认知老化 双任务范式 工作记忆负荷 词汇理解 词汇产生 

分 类 号：B844[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]