新型可减小压背感的抬背机构设计与优化  

Design and Optimization of a New Type of the Back Pressure Reducing Back-lifting Mechanism

作　　者：潘澳 俞成涛 孙学斌 黄光铭 周翔宇 Pan Ao;Yu Chengtao;Sun Xuebin;Huang Guangming;Zhou Xiangyu(College of Mechanical Engineering,Jiangsu Institute of Technology,Changzhou 213001,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏理工学院机械工程学院,江苏常州213001

出　　处：《机械传动》2024年第7期76-84,共9页Journal of Mechanical Transmission

基　　金：江苏省青蓝工程优秀青年骨干教师项目(202111);校研究生实践创新计划项目(XSJCX22_22)。

摘　　要：为解决护理床抬背过程中给使用者造成的压背感问题,创新性地设计了一种可联动腰板的新型抬背机构。首先,利用多连杆机构,在抬背过程中实现腰板的联动,填补了抬背过程中腰部的三角悬空区域,从而可为腰部提供支撑、减少压背感;在起背状态时,抬起的腰板充当靠垫,更加符合坐起状态下的人体工程学要求;结合人体尺寸参数,对新型抬背机构与传统抬背机构的背部受力进行分析对比,验证说明新型抬背机构可减少压背感;其次,对抬背机构进行运动学理论分析,并且进行参数化建模,以背板角加速度最大值最小为优化目标进行了尺寸优化设计。然后,对机构进行动力学仿真,得到运动过程中受力最大值,导入Ansys中进行静力学仿真,验证了抬背机构的安全稳定性。最后,进行了样机试验,通过角度传感器验证了背板抬起角度以及抬背过程中的平稳性。In order to solve the problem of back pressure caused by the nursing bed during the back lifting process,a new type of back lifting mechanism that can link with the waist plate is innovatively designed.Firstly,the multi-link mechanism is used to realize the linkage of the waist plate during the back lifting process,and the triangular suspended area generated in the waist part during the back lifting process is filled,so as to provide support to the waist and reduce the back pressure.When the back is lifted,the raised waist plate acts as a cushion,which is more in line with the ergonomic requirements under the sitting state.Combined with the parameters of the body size,the back forces of the new back lifting mechanism and the traditional back lifting mechanism are analyzed and compared,and it is verified that the new back lifting mechanism can reduce the back pressure feeling.In addition,the kinematics analysis of the back lifting mechanism is executed,and the parametric modeling is carried out.Meanwhile,the size optimization design is carried out with the minimization of the maximal angular acceleration of the back plate as the optimization objective.Then,the dynamic simulation of the mechanism is carried out to obtain the maximum force in the movement process,which is imported into Ansys for statics simulation to verify the safety and stability of the back lifting mechanism.Finally,a prototype testing is conducted to verify the lifting angle of the back plate and the smoothness during the lifting process through an angle sensor.

关 键 词：多杆机构 抬背机构 压背感 尺寸优化 运动学分析 有限元分析 样机试验 

分 类 号：TH112[机械工程—机械设计及理论]