功夫只在自己——王阳明“致良知”的功夫论解读  

Kung-fu Only for Oneself——An Interpretation of Wang Yangming’s Kung-fu Theory of“Zhi Liang-zhi”

作　　者：程志华[1] CHENG Zhihua(School of Philosophy and Sociology,Hebei University,Baoding 071002,China)

机构地区：[1]河北大学哲学与社会学学院,河北保定071002

出　　处：《齐鲁学刊》2024年第4期5-15,共11页Qilu Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“王船山哲学研究”(20FZXA004)。

摘　　要：王阳明的“致良知”是以“功夫之病”为问题意识的,其展开和建构是一种功夫论的进路。具体来讲,他认为做功夫有诸多缺点、错误,诸如“己私之病”“外驰之病”“支离之病”“忘助之病”,而救治“功夫之病”的药方是“知行合一”。不过,“知行合一”只是“权说”,不是“实说”。若“实说”,则乃“知行不分”,而“知行不分”的本体乃“良知”,故“实说”便是“致良知”。就“致良知”讲,针对诸种“功夫之病”,王阳明既讲了一般原则,又讲了四种针对“功夫之病”的具体对治功夫。在“致良知”功夫论说时,王阳明贯穿其中并凸显的是“功夫只在自己”的观念,而这一观念既赋予人以“主体性”,亦赋予人以“责任性”。Wang Yangming’s“Zhi Liang-zhi”is based on the“illness of Kung-fu”,which development and construction are a path of Kung-fu theory.Specifically,he believes that there are many shortcomings and mistakes,such as“personal illness”,“external illness”,“detachment illness”,and“forgetfulness illness”.The prescription for treating these illnesses is“to honor commitment and take practical actions”.However,it is only a tentative theory,not a theory of reality.As a theory of reality,it should be“knowledge and practice not separated”whose essence is“innate knowledge of the good”,so the theory of reality is directly“Zhi Liang-zhi”.Furthermore,Wang Yangming not only discussed general principles but also proposed four specific methods for the illnesses.In the Kung-fu theory on“Zhi Liang-zhi”,“Kung-fu Only for Oneself”runs through it,which endows people with both“subjectivity”and“responsibility”.

关 键 词：王阳明 致良知 功夫论 主体性 责任性 

分 类 号：B248[哲学宗教—中国哲学]