价值多元时代德国专门德育学科课程的核心理念和实践路径  

The Core Philosophy and Practice Paths of the German Specialized Moral Education Curriculum at the Age of Pluralistic Values

作　　者：彭韬 PENG Tao(Institute of Moral Education,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210097,China)

机构地区：[1]教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地南京师范大学道德教育研究所,江苏南京210097

出　　处：《外国教育研究》2024年第6期52-69,共18页Studies in Foreign Education

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“基于核心素养的道德与法治教学改革研究”(项目编号:22JJD880032)。

摘　　要：德国中小学专门德育学科课程是一门开展价值学习的课程。面临价值多元时代的挑战,该课程在价值中立与价值灌输之间进行道德教育。该课程的理念突出体现为理性导向、价值导向和紧密联系学生生活三方面。理性导向作为形式性的理念强调价值传递的过程必须是学习者理性的自主价值建构的过程;价值导向作为质料性的理念确定了该课程的价值教育功能和基本价值共识;紧密联系学生生活作为路径理念确定了该课程的内容选择以及课程实施的原则。在这样的课程理念下,德国中小学专门德育学科课程的课程目标明确以培养基于价值共识的道德能力为主旨;课程内容在纵向上形成由生活经验视域逐步向理论视域升华的结构,在横向上形成由自我及至世界的“自我扩展式”结构;课程实施以论证式议题教学为基本方式;课程评价遵循以学生道德论证能力为核心的道德能力目标体系,保持教学评一致;师资方面采取多方面措施提升教师德育能力。该课程的实践逻辑体现出价值多元时代学校德育论证转向的必然要求。The curriculum of specialized moral education in German primary and secondary schools is a kind of value learning,aiming to conduct moral education between value neutrality and value indoctrination in the face of the challenge of multiple values.The philosophy underlying the curriculum encompasses rationalism orientation,value orientation,and close connection with students'lives.The rationalism orientation as the philosophy of form emphasizes that learners must independently construct their own values through the process of value transmission,while the value orientation as the philosophy of tenet determines the educational function and fundamental consensus of values.Additionally,the close connection with students'lives as the philosophy of path influences the selection of curriculum content and principles of curriculum implementation.With these philosophies,the curriculum goal of specialized moral education in German primary and secondary schools is to cultivate moral ability based on value consensus.The curriculum content ranges longitudinally from life experience to theoretical sublimation,and expands horizontally from self to the world.The curriculum implementation is driven by argumentative pedagogy,while the evaluation targets students'moral ability especially their moral argumentative ability to balance the consistency of teaching-learning-evaluation.Additionally,teachers have to improve their moral education ability in various means.The practical logic of the German specialized moral education curriculum reflects the necessity of the transformation of moral education argumentation at the age of multiple values.

关 键 词：德国 专门德育学科课程 伦理课 道德教育 价值教育 道德论证 

分 类 号：G41[文化科学—教育学] G516[文化科学—教育技术学]