基层公务员工作动力研究  

Research on the Work Dynamic of Grassroots Civil Servants

作　　者：胡晓东 Hu Xiaodong

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学政治与公共管理学院,北京市100088

出　　处：《政治学研究》2024年第3期181-199,M0009,M0010,共21页CASS Journal of Political Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“我国基层政府公务员工作动力及其机制创新研究”(22BZZ072)研究成果。

摘　　要：主要采用深度访谈和调查问卷法,对乡镇(街道)公务员的工作动力进行研究,借助Amos结构方程模型进行探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析,提炼出基层公务员工作动力激励全要素模型,验证模型拟合程度,检验变量之间相关性,考察变量之间回归效用。明确提出工作动力理论在解决基层公务员工作动力问题中的理论地位和研究价值,进一步明晰工作动力与工作动机的差异与边界。通过对样本“小切口”的实证分析,发现并归纳出扩容激励、亲和组织、自我效能和适度压力等四个因素的全要素激励模型,这些因素决定着当今基层公务员工作动力。基于工作动力理论,结合基层公务员工作动力影响因素和需求理论的新发展,发现当前基层公务员工作动力受到“双主体利益平衡”原则的影响,提出区分并运用“需要的制度”和“制度的需要”是解决基层公务员工作动力问题的关键所在,强化“需要的制度”有利于基层公务员工作动力提升。This paper mainly uses in-depth interviews and questionnaires to study the work dynamic of civil servants in township streets, and uses the Amos structural equation model to conduct exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, and extracts the all-factor model of work dynamic of grassroots civil servants, verifies the fitting degree of the model, tests the correlation between variables, and examines the regression utility between variables. This paper puts forward the theoretical position and research value of the theory of work dynamic in solving the problem of work dynamic of grassroots civil servants, and further clarifies the difference and boundary between work dynamic and work motivation. Through the empirical analysis of the “small incisions” of the sample,the total factor motivation model covering four factors, including “ expansion incentive, affinity organization, self-efficacy and moderate pressure”, is found and summarized, and it is believed that these determinants affect the work dynamic of grassroots civil servants today. Based on the theory of work motivation, combined with the influencing factors of the work dynamic of grassroots civil servants and the new expansion of the demand theory, it is found that the current work dynamic of grassroots civil servants is affected by the principle of “two subjects interests balance”, and it is proposed that distinguishing and applying the “the system of the needs” and “the needs of the system” is the key to solving the problem of work dynamic of grassroots civil servants, and strengthening “the system of the needs” is more conducive to the improvement of the work dynamic of grassroots civil servants.

关 键 词：基层公务员 工作动力 工作动机 行为科学 制度需要 

分 类 号：D630.3[政治法律—政治学]