荀子对于“天”的思想  

Xunzi's Thoughts on Tian

作　　者： 刘莹(译) MIURA Yoshiaki;Liu Ying(Translated)

机构地区：[1](原)神奈川大学 [2]中国人民大学哲学院

出　　处：《国学学刊》2024年第2期74-82,140,共10页Research in the Traditions of Chinese Culture

基　　金：2023年国家社科基金青年项目“日本儒学近代转型与中国哲学学术体系生成研究”(项目编号23CZX036)成果。

摘　　要：本文以《天论篇》为中心探讨了荀子对于“天”的理解。作者反对将“天人之分”中的“分”直接理解为“分离”并以此排除天的权威、宗教性的传统观点。作者认为于荀子而言,所谓“天”是生养包含人在内的所有之物的存在,在其生养的万物之中,人是最优的存在,有着与天地并的可能性。“天人之分”意味着各个专业的分化、分业以及由此而来的调和。荀子仍旧保持着对天的绝对信赖,即便在一定范围内认可了人的行动有其独立性,也禁止在这之外任何妨害天的活动。因此,天为规制人的行动的存在,荀子也并没有跨出这一儒家传统的框架一步。This article delves into Xunzi's conception of tian天(“heaven”),with a particular focus on his work On Nature(tianlun天论).The author challenges the traditional interpretation of the fen分(“division”)in“the division between tian and human beings”(tianrenzhifen天人之分),which is typically understood as“separation,”thereby excluding the authority and religiosity of tian.Instead,the author interprets Xunzi's view of tian as the existence that gives life to all things,including human beings,who are considered the most exceptional and possess the potential to harmonize with tiandi天地(“the heavens and the earth”).“The division between tian and human beings”signifies the differentiation and specialization within various vocations,as well as the harmonization that ensues from them.Furthermore,Xunzi holds an unwavering trust in tian,wherein he acknowledges human autonomy within prescribed boundaries while forbidding any interference beyond those limits.Consequently,the notion of tian serves as an existence that regulates and constrains human conduct.In this sense,Xunzi also did not go beyond the framework of Confucian tradition.

关 键 词：荀子 《天论篇》 天 天人之分 圣人 

分 类 号：B222.6[哲学宗教—中国哲学]