不同预处理对荷叶离褶伞水提残渣多糖理化性质及免疫活性的影响  

Effects of Different Pretreatment Methods on Physicochemical Properties and Immunomodulatory Activity of Polysaccharides from Water Extraction Residue of Lyophyllum decastes

作　　者：罗羽 刘利平 冯杰[1] 姜斯琪 张劲松[1] 郭庆彬 刘艳芳[1] LUO Yu;LIU Liping;FENG Jie;JIANG Siqi;ZHANG Jingsong;GUO Qingbin;LIU Yanfang(Institute of Edible Fungi,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization(South),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,P.R.China,National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi,National R&D Center for Edible Fungi Processing,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding of Shanghai,Shanghai 201403,China;College of Food Science and Engineering,Tianjin University of Science and Technology,Tianjin 300457,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院食用菌研究所,农业农村部南方食用菌资源利用重点实验室,国家食用菌工程技术研究中心,国家食用菌加工技术研发分中心,上海市农业遗传育种重点实验室,上海2014031 [2]天津科技大学食品科学与工程学院,天津300457

出　　处：《食用菌学报》2024年第4期75-84,共10页Acta Edulis Fungi

基　　金：上海市农业科技创新项目(沪农科T2023109);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-20);上海市农业科学院卓越团队建设计划(沪农科卓[2022]003)。

摘　　要：以常规粉碎为对照,分别采用挤压膨化和蒸汽爆破对荷叶离褶伞(Lyophyllum decastes)子实体沸水提取剩余残渣进行预处理后提取多糖,并进行理化性质和免疫活性分析。结果表明:挤压膨化处理所得粗多糖(LCJ)得率和多糖含量分别为7.17%和60.73%,是常规粉碎组(LCW)的1.13和1.08倍;蒸汽爆破处理后提取的粗多糖(LCQ)得率和多糖含量可达15.42%和88.66%,分别是LCW的2.44倍和1.58倍。红外光谱分析3种方式提取所得残渣的粗多糖均具有多糖的特征吸收峰;LCW和LCJ中多糖组分的分子质量分布特征相似,均主要含有4个峰,LCQ多糖组分的分子质量分布变化较大,主要含有3个峰且低分子质量组分(P3)占比增加。三种粗多糖均由葡萄糖、岩藻糖、半乳糖和甘露糖组成,其中以葡萄糖为主,单糖的相对摩尔百分比有差异,LCQ中葡萄糖占比最高(76.22%)。三种处理所得残渣粗多糖均具有较好的增强免疫活性,10μg·mL^(-1)LCQ活性优于LCW和LCJ。Using conventional pulverization as the control,two different pretreatments,extrusion and steam explosion,were used prior to extracting polysaccharides from the remaining residue after boiling water extraction of Lyophyllum decastes fruiting bodies,respectively.The derived polysaccharide extracts were then determined for physicochemical properties and immunoregulatory activity.The results showed that the yield and content of the crude polysaccharide extract of extrusion(LCJ)were 7.17%and 60.73%,respectively,which were 13%and 8%higher than those of the crude polysaccharide extract of conventional pulverization(LCW),respectively.The yield and content of the crude polysaccharide extract of steam explosion(LCQ)were 15.42%and 88.66%,respectively,which were 2.44 and 1.58 times of those of conventional pulverization(LCW),respectively.All three residual crude polysaccharide extracts showed the characteristic infrared absorption peaks of polysaccharides.The molecular mass distribution of the polysaccharide components in LCW and LCJ were similar,both containing four peaks,whereas that of the polysaccharide components in LCQ was quite different,mainly containing three peaks with an increased proportion of low molecular mass component(P3).All three crude polysaccharide extracts were primarily composed of glucose,fucose,galactose and mannose,where glucose was the major component with different relative molar percentages in the three polysaccharide extracts.For example,the molar percentage of glucose was the highest in LCQ(76.22%).They showed good immune-enhancing activity,and the activity of LCQ was better than that of LCW and LCJ at 10μg·mL^(−1).

关 键 词：荷叶离褶伞 水提残渣多糖 挤压膨化 蒸汽爆破 理化性质 免疫活性 

分 类 号：TS219[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]