安徽省2017—2021年谷物及其制品中真菌毒素污染现状研究  

Study on mycotoxins pollution in cereals and their products in Anhui Province from 2017 to 2021

作　　者：崔杰[1] 王志强[1] 李卫东[1] CUI Jie;WANG Zhiqiang;LI Weidong(Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Hefei 230601,Anhui,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽省疾病预防控制中心,安徽合肥230601

出　　处：《安徽预防医学杂志》2024年第3期195-199,共5页Anhui Journal of Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解安徽省谷物及其制品真菌毒素污染水平,为监管部门进一步开展谷物及其制品中真菌毒素的食品安全风险评估和管理提供科学依据。方法根据《安徽省食品安全风险监测方案》,在安徽省16个地市级监测点采集谷物及其制品,检测黄曲霉毒素、单端孢霉烯族化合物、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)及其代谢物等真菌毒素污染水平,分析真菌毒素检出率、超标率等指标。结果2017—2021年全省共监测谷物及其制品805份,真菌毒素总检出率为80.37%,总超标率为13.39%,超标率呈下降趋势(χ^(2)趋势=39.345,P<0.001)。不同谷物及其制品中,谷物制品真菌毒素超标率最高(18.90%),其次为谷物的样品(13.20%),谷物碾磨加工品超标率最低(6.93%),不同谷物及其制品真菌毒素检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=21.960,P<0.001)。散装样品真菌毒素检出率为95.28%,高于定型包装样品(75.04%),两者差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=40.553,P<0.001)。不同采样环节中,餐饮环节真菌毒素检出率最高(100.00%),其次是收购环节(95.00%),流通环节样品最低(73.64%),不同采样环节,样品检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=89.521,P<0.001)。结论安徽省谷物及其制品中存在不同程度的真菌毒素污染,具有一定的人群健康危害风险。Objective To understand the level of mycotoxin pollution in grains and their products in Anhui Province,and to provide a scientific basis for regulatory department to further carry out food safety risk assessment and management of mycotoxins in grains and their products.Methods According to the Food Safety Risk Monitoring Project in Anhui Province,food samples such as grains and their products were collected from 16 cities in whole of province.Mycotoxin contamination levels of aflatoxin,monotelomeric mycotoxin compounds,zearalenone(ZEN)and its metabolites were examined.Mycotoxin detection rate and exceedance rate were analyzed.Results A total of 805 samples of cereals and their products were monitored in Anhui Province from 2017 to 2021,with a total detection rate of 80.37%.The exceeding rate was 13.39%.The overall exceeding rate of samples showed a downward trend(χ_(t rend)^(2)=39.345,P<0.001).Among different cereals and their products,cereal products had the highest exceeding standard rate(18.90%),followed by samples of cereals(13.20%),and the exceeding standard rate of grain milling products was the lowest(6.93%),the mycotoxin detection rates of different cereals and their products were significantly different(χ^(2)=21.960,P<0.001).The mycotoxin detection rate of bulk samples was 95.28%,which was higher than that of standardized packaging samples(75.04%),the difference between the two was statistically significant(χ^(2)=40.553,P<0.001).The highest detection rate of mycotoxins was found in the catering stage(100.00%),followed by the acquisition stage(95.00%),and the lowest detection rate was found in the circulation stage(73.64%),the difference of sample detection rate was statistically significant in different sampling stages(χ^(2)=89.521,P<0.001).Conclusion There are varying degrees of mycotoxins pollution in grains and their products in Anhui Province,which poses certain health hazards risk to the population.

关 键 词：谷物及其制品 真菌毒素 食品风险评估 健康危害 

分 类 号：R155[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]