在“小我”与“大我”之间——梁启超“过渡时代”的“自我”观念  

Between“Individual Self”and“Collective Self”--Liang Qichao’s Concept of“Self”in the“Transitional Era”

作　　者：李妮娜 LI Nina(School of Marxism,Yantai University,Yantai 264005,China)

机构地区：[1]烟台大学马克思主义学院,山东烟台264005

出　　处：《杭州师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期33-45,共13页Journal of Hangzhou Normal University(Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“近现代中国价值观念史研究”(18ZDA020)的研究成果。

摘　　要：梁启超的“自我”观念,具有“小我”与“大我”的二重性,并充分体现了个体与国家之间的张力。在其“过渡时代”的论断下,梁氏辗转于对“我”之自由的呼吁、对“群”之进化的关切以及对世界主义前景的展望之间,自我的多重面向由此在个体与社会、国家、世界的一体化理想中展开为矛盾、冲突与调和的过程。梁氏对群己平衡的追求在其1903年旅美之后的思想转折中被打破,其并非否定个体自由,而是将对个体自由的限定作为个体实现未来自由理想的过渡。中国近代早期自由主义者的典型特征,即是在挺立“自我”的同时,又在“小我”与“大我”、启蒙与救亡之间踟蹰,在传统文化与现代性价值之间取舍。梁启超徘徊于群己之间,亦正反映出他试图重新定义“群”与“己”,并平衡群己关系的艰辛努力与有益尝试。Liang Qichao’s concept of“self”embodies the duality of“individual self”and“collective self,”fully reflecting the tension between the individual and the state.Under his thesis of the“transitional era,”Liang navigated between advocating for individual freedom,concerning himself with the evolution of the collective,and envisioning the prospects of cosmopolitanism,thereby unfolding the multifaceted nature of the self into a process of contradiction,conflict,and reconciliation within the ideal of integrating the individual with society,the state,and the world.Liang’s pursuit of a balance between the collective and the individual was disrupted by an ideological shift after his trip to the United States in 1903.This shift did not negate individual freedom but rather saw the limitation of individual freedom as a transitional phase towards realizing future ideals of freedom.The typical characteristic of early Chinese modern liberals was their struggle to uphold“self”while hesitating between“individual self”and“collective self,”enlightenment and national salvation,and making choices between traditional culture and modern values.Liang Qichao’s wandering between the collective and the individual reflects his arduous efforts and beneficial attempts to redefine“collective”and“individual”and strike a balance between them.

关 键 词：梁启超 自我 群己 小我 大我 

分 类 号：B259.1[哲学宗教—中国哲学]