冰箱负离子杀菌效果及机理  

Sterilization Effect and Mechanism of Negative Ions in Refrigerator

作　　者：胡海梅 江峰 陈开松 刘港帅 贾雯 傅达奇[2] HU Haimei;JIANG Feng;CHEN Kaisong;LIU Gangshuai;JIA Wen;FU Daqi(Changhong Meiling Co.Ltd.,Hefei 230601,China;College of Food Science&Nutritional Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]长虹美菱股份有限公司,安徽合肥230601 [2]中国农业大学食品科学与营养工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《食品科学》2024年第14期23-29,共7页Food Science

摘　　要：以实验室前期在市售三文鱼、鸡胸肉、柑橘中分离纯化得到的葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)、假丝酵母属(Candida)和青霉属(Penicillium)菌株为目标菌,探究在冰箱4℃冷藏区负离子对这3种目标菌的杀菌效果及杀菌机理。研究结果显示,在冰箱冷藏区中,负离子处理可有效杀灭葡萄球菌属、假丝酵母属和青霉属菌株,且杀菌效果随杀菌时间延长而增强(当杀菌时间从0.5 h延长至2 h,负离子对葡萄球菌属的杀菌效率从92.61%提高至99.29%,对假丝酵母属的杀菌效率从61.45%提高至98.26%。当杀菌时间达到1 h,可完全抑制青霉属的菌落生长)。扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察显示,负离子处理可破坏葡萄球菌属、假丝酵母属和青霉属菌株的菌体结构,导致细胞内容物流出。负离子处理后,葡萄球菌属、假丝酵母属和青霉属菌株的菌悬液电导率及其在260 nm和280 nm处的吸光度显著上升,表明负离子处理破坏了3种目标菌体的完整性,导致细胞内容物流出,核酸和蛋白质渗漏。二乙酸荧光素染色显示,负离子处理显著降低了假丝酵母属和青霉属的细胞活力。此外,负离子处理完全抑制了青霉属孢子的萌发和芽管形成。结论:冰箱冷藏区负离子处理可通过破坏葡萄球菌属、假丝酵母属和青霉属细胞结构的完整性,降低假丝酵母属和青霉属的细胞活力,抑制青霉属孢子的萌发与芽管形成,从而有效杀灭这3种目标菌。In this study,Staphylococcus,Candida and Penicillium that had been isolated and purified from commercial salmon,chicken breast and citrus in our laboratory were used as target microorganisms to explore the sterilization effect and mechanism of applying negative ions in the 4 ℃ cold storage room of a refrigerator.The results showed that negative ion treatment was effective in killing Staphylococcus,Candida and Penicillium in the cold storage room,and this effect increased with sterilization time(when the sterilization time was extended from 0.5 to 2 h,the sterilization efficiency of negative ions on Staphylococcus increased from 92.61% to 99.29%,and the sterilization efficiency on Candida from 61.45%to 98.26%;when the sterilization time was 1 h,the colony growth of Penicillium could be completely inhibited).Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM) observation showed that negative ion treatment disrupted the structure of Staphylococcus,Candida and Penicillium cells,resulting in leakage of intracellular contents.After this treatment,the conductivity and absorbance values at 260 and 280 nm of the suspensions of Staphylococcus,Candida and Penicillium increased significantly,indicating that their cell integrity was damaged,resulting in leakage of intracellular nucleic acids and proteins.Fluorescein diacetate(FDA) staining showed that negative ion treatment significantly decreased the cell vitality of Candida and Penicillium.In addition,it completely inhibited the spore germination and germ tube formation of Penicillium.Therefore,negative ion treatment in the cold storage room of a refrigerator can destroy the cell integrity of Staphylococcus,Candida and Penicillium,reduce the cell vitality of Candida and Penicillium,and inhibit the spore germination and germ tube formation of Penicillium,thereby effectively killing these target microorganisms.

关 键 词：冰箱负离子 葡萄球菌属 假丝酵母属 青霉属 杀菌效果 杀菌机理 

分 类 号：TS201.3[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]