数字时代国家教育权与受教育权的关系审视——兼论教育法法典化的底层逻辑  

On the Relationship Between the State's Power over Education and Citizens'Right to Education in the Digital Age——The Underlying Logic of the Codification of the Education Law in China

作　　者：申素平[1,2] 赵赫栋 Shen Suping;Zhao Hedong(Director of the Research Base for Education Legislation;School of Education,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学教育立法研究基地 [2]中国人民大学教育学院,北京100872

出　　处：《教育研究》2024年第7期18-29,共12页Educational Research

摘　　要：数字时代伴随着海量数据和高效算法的信息技术催生了限制和控制个体的“数字权力”,对国家教育权与受教育权的平衡关系提出了挑战。“数字权力”一方面强化了国家教育权的权力末端和效用,增强了国家教育权的控制能力;另一方面也使数字科技企业有机会分享甚至挤占国家教育权的运行空间,在一定程度上削弱了国家教育权的实施效果,两者都威胁着受教育权的实现,打破了国家教育权与受教育权的平衡状态。教育是国之大计,平衡“两权”关系的关键在于国家。应当以契合数字时代特点的认识视角重释国家教育权的内涵,从国家教育权的依法设限出发,明确国家教育权尊重人、关怀人和促进人的发展的目的;慎用强制性权力,遵循法律保留原则和比例原则;规范基础性权力,推动教育数据开放和多元主体参与。以此来实现对受教育权主动和周延的保护,并在教育法法典化的底层逻辑中加以体现。With the application of massive data and efficient algorithms,the digital age triggers"digital power"that restricts or controls individuals,and challenges the balance between the state's power over education and citizens'right to education.On one hand,"digital power"strengthens the end and utility of the state's power over education,and improves the control-oriented ability of the state's power over education;on the other hand,it gives enterprises engaging in digital technology the opportunity to share or even encroach upon the space to exercise the state's power over education,which to a certain extent weakens the effect of the exercise of the state's power over education.This threatens citizens'exercise of the right to education,and breaks the balance between the state's power over education and citizens'right to education.Since education remains one of the state's top priorities,the key to balancing the relationship between the two lies with the state.We need to reinterpret the connotations of the state's power over education based on a proper understanding of the characteristics of the digital age,clarify the purpose of the state's power over education:respecting citizens,caring for them,and promoting their development,based on the legal restrictions imposed on the state's power over education;exercise coercive power prudently,follow the principle of legal reservations and the principle of proportionality;and normalize basic powers,and promote the openness of educational data and the participation of diversified subjects.In this way we can actively and completely protect citizens'right to education,based on the underlying logic for the codification of theeducationlaw.

关 键 词：国家教育权 受教育权 “数字权力” 教育法法典化 

分 类 号：G40-05[文化科学—教育学原理] D922.16[文化科学—教育学]