美国高校STEM教育的多元实践路径研究——基于自组织理论的视角  

A Study on Multiple Practice Paths for STEM Education in American Universities:Based on the Perspective of Self-organization Theory

作　　者：王璞[1] 苗玉伟 WANG Pu;MIAO Yuwei(Center for Higher Education Development Research,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学高等教育发展研究中心,福建361005

出　　处：《教育发展研究》2024年第13期115-124,共10页Research in Educational Development

基　　金：国家社会科学基金2022年教育学一般项目“历史制度主义视角下美国STEM教育政策的变迁机制和执行成效研究”(BIA220085)的部分成果

摘　　要：作为最早倡导开展STEM教育的国家,美国积累了丰富的STEM高等教育实践经验。本文运用自组织理论对美国研究型大学、区域性综合大学、社区学院三种不同类型高校的STEM教育实践进行考察,发现它们在发展定位、参与主体及其资源整合、课程教学三个维度上均呈现出自组织的显著特征,分别表现为具有非平衡态、开放性和涨落现象。美国高校STEM教育形成了多元的实践路径,并构建起卓有成效的STEM高等教育系统,充分发挥了自组织自发有序、协同发展的作用,推动了STEM教育的发展与变革。与此同时,需要警惕STEM高等教育自组织系统运行过程中产生的弱势群体代表性不足等社会公平问题。As the first country to advocate STEM education,the United States has accumulated rich practical experience in STEM higher education.This paper uses the theory of self-organization to investigate the STEM education practices of three different types of colleges and universities:research universities,regional comprehensive universities,and community colleges in the United States,and finds that they all show significant characteristics of self-organization in the three dimensions of development orientation,participation subjects and their resource integration,and curriculum teaching,which are manifested as non-equilibrium,openness,and fluctuation phenomenon,respectively.STEM education in American colleges and universities has formed a diversified practice path,and built an effective STEM higher education system,giving full play to the role of self-organization,selfordered,and coordinated development,and promoting the development and reform of STEM education.At the same time,it is necessary to be vigilant against social equity problems such as the underrepresentation of disadvantaged groups in the operation of the self-organization system of STEM higher education,in order to provide experience for the development of STEM higher education in China.

关 键 词：STEM教育 自组织理论 研究型大学 区域性综合大学 社区学院 

分 类 号：G642[文化科学—高等教育学] G649.712[文化科学—教育学]