韩国补课如何影响数学成绩?——基于TIMSS 2019数据的双层线性模型分析  

The Effect of Private Tutoring on Mathematics Achievement in the Republic of Korea:An Application of Two-Level Linear Models on TIMSS 2019 Data

作　　者：冷帝豪 LENG Dihao(Lynch School of Education and Human Development,Boston College,Boston,MA 02467,USA)

机构地区：[1]波士顿学院林奇教育与人类发展学院,波士顿02467

出　　处：《复旦教育论坛》2024年第3期68-81,共14页Fudan Education Forum

摘　　要：韩国中小学生普遍补课,背后的关键假设是补课有利于提高学习成绩,但是补课和成绩的关系究竟如何,目前尚无定论。此外,补课的作用可能因条件而异,有必要更加细致地考察补课对不同群体的作用。本研究基于“国际大型数学与科学趋势研究”(TIMSS)2019八年级测评数据,采用双层次线性模型进行分析,发现韩国八年级学生补课时间越长,数学成绩就越好。在此基础上,如果学生所在学校平均补课时间长,学生成绩将额外增加;这种作用可被该校学生的整体家境组成所部分解释。学生补课时长与成绩的关系既不因学校而异,也不因其学业水平的高低而异;但是学生家庭经济与文化资本越薄弱,补课久与成绩提升的关系越大。本研究还发现,校内数学教师的教学水平能够在一定程度上中和补课与成绩的关系,但是这种作用比较有限。韩国已然形成补课主导的教育生态,补课对成绩有顽强的预测力,其背后反映的是学生与家长在学业竞争中胜出的需求无法在公办教育中得到满足;反过来,韩国的补课市场提供了更加多元化、个性化的教育。In the Republic of Korea,private tutoring is prevalent among elementary and middle school students,underpinned by the key assumption that private tutoring benefits academic performance.However,the exact relationship between private tutoring and academic achievement remains inconclusive.Moreover,the effectiveness of private tutoring may vary under different conditions,necessitating a closer examination of its impact on various groups.This study,based on Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study(TIMSS)2019 data for eighth-grade students and employing a two-level linear model,found that the longer Korean eighth graders participated in private tutoring,the better their mathematics scores.In addition,if the average tutoring duration at the student's school was longer,the students'scores were predicted to increase further,an effect that can be partially explained by the overall socioeconomic background of the students at the school.The relationship between tutoring and academic achievement did not vary by school or academic level;however,the weaker a student's family's economic and cultural capital,the stronger the relationship between extended tutoring and improved scores.The study also uncovers that the quality of in-school mathematics instruction could moderate the effect of tutoring on achievement,albeit to a limited extent.The Republic of Korea has developed an education ecosystem dominated by private tutoring,which has a robust predictive power on academic performance.This reflects the unmet demand for academic competitiveness among students and parents within the public education system,while the tutoring market,in turn,offers more diversified and personalized educational options.

关 键 词：补课 影子教育 TIMSS 多层线性模型 数学成绩 

分 类 号：G633.6[文化科学—教育学]