2018—2022年中国内地老年人群食源性疾病主动监测结果分析  

Analysis of foodborne disease surveillance of geriatrics from 2018 to 2022 in China’s Mainland

作　　者：范鹏辉 章荣华[2] 霍翔[3] 林黎[4] 蒋玉艳[5] 马晓晨[6] 刘弘[7] 刘志涛[8] 褚遵华[9] 梁进军[10] 胡晴文 刘继开 韩海红 李薇薇 FAN Penghui;ZHANG Ronghua;HUO Xiang;LIN Li;JIANG Yuyan;MA Xiaochen;LIU Hong;LIU Zhitao;CHU Zunhua;LIANG Jinjun;HU Qingwen;LIU Jikai;HAN Haihong;LI Weiwei(China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment,Beijing 100022,China;Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Zhejiang Hangzhou 310051,China;Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Jiangsu Nanjing 210009,China;Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Sichuan Chengdu 610041,China;Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Guangxi Nanning 530028,China;Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100013,China;Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 200336,China;Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Yunnan Kunming 650022,China;Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shandong Ji’nan 250014,China;Hu’nan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Hu’nan Changsha 410005,China)

机构地区：[1]国家食品安全风险评估中心,北京100022 [2]浙江省疾病预防控制中心,浙江杭州310051 [3]江苏省疾病预防控制中心,江苏南京210009 [4]四川省疾病预防控制中心,四川成都610041 [5]广西壮族自治区疾病预防控制中心,广西南宁530028 [6]北京市疾病预防控制中心,北京100013 [7]上海市疾病预防控制中心,上海200336 [8]云南省疾病预防控制中心,云南昆明650022 [9]山东省疾病预防控制中心,山东济南250014 [10]湖南省疾病预防控制中心,湖南长沙410005

出　　处：《中国食品卫生杂志》2024年第5期613-620,共8页Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFF0703804);老年人易感食源性疾病及致病菌研究项目。

摘　　要：目的了解我国老年人群食源性疾病流行病学特征,为老年人食源性疾病预防和控制提供科学依据。方法通过我国“食源性疾病病例监测系统”,收集2018—2022年65岁以上老年人群主动监测病例信息,采集粪便标本,开展沙门菌、志贺菌、副溶血性弧菌、致泻大肠埃希菌和诺如病毒的检测,进行流行病学特征分析。结果老年人群急性胃肠炎病例粪便标本总体检出率为9.15%(7218/78904,95%CI:8.95%,9.35%),以沙门菌最高(3860/78699,4.90%,95%CI:4.75%,5.06%),其次为诺如病毒(1517/73173,2.07%,95%CI:1.97%,2.18%)、致泻大肠埃希菌(1.39%,1015/72763,95%CI:1.31%,1.48%)、副溶血性弧菌(1.00%,782/78386,95%CI:0.93%,1.07%)和志贺菌(0.19%,147/78611,95%CI:0.16%,0.22%)。老年人群男性沙门菌检出率高于女性,而女性副溶血性弧菌检出率高于男性,且年龄越大,检出率越低。老年人群各监测病原检出率具有明显季节性,沙门菌、志贺菌、副溶血性弧菌、致泻大肠埃希菌检出率在7、8月达到高峰,诺如病毒则在2、3月达到高峰,各地区监测病原检出率有所不同,差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=546.85,P<0.001)。可疑暴露食品类别主要为肉与肉制品、粮食类及其制品和蔬菜类及其制品等大宗食品,家庭是最主要的进食场所。结论我国2018—2022年间老年人群急性胃肠炎病例以沙门菌检出率最高,不同性别、年龄和地区监测病原流行病学特征有所不同,应根据对应特征分布制定针对性措施预防老年人食源性疾病发生。Objective To provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of foodborne diseases among the geriatrics in China’s Mainland,the epidemiological characteristics of foodborne diseases was understood.Methods Information on acute gastroenteritis cases aged≥65 years in China’s Foodborne Disease Case Surveillance System from 2018 to 2022 was collected and analyzed.Results The overall prevelance of foodborne disease monitoring pathogens among the geriatrics in China was 9.15%(7218/78904,95%CI:8.95%,9.35%),with Salmonella spp.being the highest(4.90%,3860/78699,95%CI:4.75%,5.06%),Norovirus(2.07%,1517/73173,95%CI:1.97%,2.18%),Diarrheogenic E.coli(1.39%,1015/72763,95%CI:1.31%,1.48%),Vibrio parahaemolyticus(1.00%,782/78386,95%CI:0.93%,1.07%)and Shigella spp.(0.19%,147/78611,95%CI:0.16%,0.22%).The prevelance of Salmonella spp.in male elderly was higher than that in female,while the prevelance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in female was higher than that in male.The higher the age,the lower the prevelance was.Geriatrics with foodborne diseases had obvious seasonality.The prevelances of Salmonella spp.,Shigella spp.,Vibrio parahaemolyticus and diarrheogenic E.coli reach their peak in July and August,while Norovirus reaches its peak in February and March.The overall prevelance varies across different regions of the country,and the differences are statistically significant(χ^(2)=546.85,P<0.001).The categories of suspicious exposed foods mainly include meat and meat products,grains and its products,vegetables and its products,etc,with households being the main place of consumption.Conclusion Salmonella spp.has the highest prevelance in active surveillance of acute gastroenteritis among the geriatrics in China’s Mainland.The epidemiological characteristics of surveilled pathogens vary in different gender,age and regions,taking targeted measures should be formulated based on the corresponding distribution of characteristics to prevent foodborne diseases in geriatrics.

关 键 词：食源性疾病 急性胃肠炎 主动监测 老年人 沙门菌 诺如病毒 副溶血性弧菌 致泻大肠埃希菌 志贺菌 

分 类 号：R155[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]