特殊需要幼儿父母教养与幼儿社会适应的关系研究  

Relationship Between Parenting and Social Adaptability of Young Children with Special Needs

作　　者：谌小猛 王慕含 王麟 CHEN Xiaomeng;WANG Muhan;WANG Lin

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学特殊教育学院,广州510631 [2]珠海市特殊教育学校,珠海519199 [3]武汉软件工程职业学院国际学院,武汉430205

出　　处：《残疾人研究》2024年第4期68-77,共10页Disability Research

基　　金：2021年度国家社会科学基金教育学一般项目“虚拟现实技术辅助盲生定向行走训练的干预研究”(BBA210034)。

摘　　要：随着特殊教育逐步向学前阶段延伸,学前阶段特殊需要幼儿成长日益受到关注。本研究选取194名3~7岁特殊需要幼儿和204名普通幼儿及其父母作为研究对象,对两组幼儿父母在教养压力、教养方式和幼儿社会适应能力等方面的差异做了比较,并深入对比分析两组幼儿父母教养压力、教养方式和幼儿社会适应能力之间的关系。结果表明,相比于普通幼儿,特殊需要幼儿的社会适应能力较差,其父母感知到的教养压力更大,教养方式也更为消极。两组幼儿父母的教养方式均在父母感知到的教养压力和幼儿社会适应能力之间起部分中介作用,但特殊需要幼儿父母教养方式的中介效应更凸显。相比于普通幼儿父母,特殊需要幼儿父母感知到的教养压力和教养方式对幼儿的社会适应能力预测性更强。基于以上结论,本研究对如何缓解父母教养压力和改善父母教养方式提出相应的建议和对策。With the coverage of special education gradually expanding to include preschoolers,increasing attention has been paid to the growth of preschoolers with special needs.This study selected 1943-7-year-old special needs children and their parents(194 pairs)and 2043-7-yearold normal children and their parents(204 pairs)as participants,and compared intergroup differences in parenting pressure,parenting styles and children's social adaptive ability,and analyzed the relationship of the former two factors with the latter one.The results showed that compared with normal children,children with special needs had lower level of social adaptive ability,and their parents had higher level of perceived parenting pressure and more negative parenting styles.Parenting styles partially mediated the relationship between perceived parenting stress and children's social adaptive ability in each child-parent group,but the mediating effect of parenting styles was stronger in special needs child-parent group.Compared with normal children's parents,perceived parenting stress and parenting styles of special needs children's parents had greater predictive effect on special needs children's social adaptation ability.Accordingly,this study proposes corresponding suggestions and countermeasures for alleviating parenting stress and improving parenting styles.

关 键 词：特殊需要儿童 幼儿 教养压力 教养方式 社会适应 

分 类 号：G76[文化科学—特殊教育学]