普通和膨化亚麻籽对北京油鸡生产性能及蛋黄中n-3多不饱和脂肪酸含量的影响  

Effects of Normal and Extruded Flaxseed on Performance and n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Content in Egg Yolk of Beijing You Chickens

作　　者：李星 张彬彬 李军国[1,2] 杨洁 李俊 董颖超[1] 牛力斌[1] 商方方[1] 粱俊杰[3] LI Xing;ZHANG Binbin;LI Junguo;YANG Jie;LI Jun;DONG Yingchao;NIU Libin;SHANG Fangfang;LIANG Junjie(Institute of Feed Research,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Laboratory of Feed-Derived Factor Risk Assessment for Animal Product Quality and Safety,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China;Anyou Biotechnology Group Co.,Ltd.,Suzhou 215437,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院饲料研究所,北京100081 [2]农业农村部动物产品质量安全饲料源性因子风险评估实验室,北京100081 [3]安佑生物科技集团股份有限公司,苏州215437

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2024年第8期4971-4985,共15页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1300300);中国农业科学院创新工程项目(CAAS-IFR-ZDRW202303)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究普通和膨化亚麻籽高水平添加和饲喂时间对北京油鸡生产性能和蛋黄中n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量的影响。试验选取300只30周龄的北京油鸡,随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复15只鸡。对照组(A组)饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加10%普通亚麻籽(B组)、15%普通亚麻籽(C组)、10%膨化亚麻籽(D组)和15%膨化亚麻籽(E组)。预试期1周,正试期16周。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加普通亚麻籽和膨化亚麻籽在第1~4周对北京油鸡生产性能无显著影响(P>0.05),在第5~12周显著提高了其平均蛋重(P<0.05),而在第13~16周则显著降低了其平均日采食量(P<0.05)。随着饲喂时间的延长,试验鸡生产性能呈现下降趋势,其中平均日采食量和料蛋比呈显著提高(P<0.05),产蛋率呈显著降低(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加普通亚麻籽和膨化亚麻籽在8周内对北京油鸡蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度、蛋形指数和蛋黄比率均无显著影响(P>0.05),但是显著降低了蛋黄色泽(P<0.05)。第16周,与对照组相比,各试验组蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度和蛋黄红度值均显著降低(P<0.05)。随着饲喂时间的延长,8周后各组鸡蛋品质指标呈现下降趋势。3)与对照组相比,各试验组蛋黄n-3 PUFA、α-亚麻酸(ALA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)含量均显著提高(P<0.05)。与10%添加组相比,15%添加组蛋黄n-3 PUFA、ALA和二十碳五烯酸(EPA)含量显著提高(P<0.05)。与15%普通亚麻籽添加组相比,15%膨化亚麻籽添加组蛋黄n-3 PUFA和ALA含量显著提高(P<0.05)。综上所述,在北京油鸡饲粮中添加普通亚麻籽和膨化亚麻籽可显著提高蛋黄中n-3 PUFA含量,但普通亚麻籽和膨化亚麻籽添加水平在10%以上均不适合在北京油鸡饲粮中长期应用。This experiment was conducted to study the effects of high supplemental level of normal and extruded flaxseed and feeding time on performance and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA)content in egg yolk of Beijing You chickens.A total of 300 Beijing You chickens of 30-week-old were randomly divided into 5 groups with 4 replicates per group and 15 chickens per replicate.Chickens in the control group(group A)were fed a corn-soybean meal type basal diet,and those in the experimental groups were fed the basal diets supplemented with 10%common flaxseed(group B),15%common flaxseed(group C),10%extruded flaxseed(group D)and 15%extruded flaxseed(group E),respectively.The pre-trial period was 1 week and the trial period was 16 weeks.The results showed as follows:1)compared with the control group,dietary supplementation of common flaxseed and expanded flaxseed had no significant effects on performance of Beijing You chickens during weeks 1 to 4(P>0.05),significantly increased the average egg weight during weeks 5 to 12(P<0.05),while significantly decreased the average daily feed intake during weeks 13 to 16(P<0.05).With the extension of feeding time,the performance of experimental chickens showed a decreasing trend,in which the average daily feed intake and feed to egg ratio were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the laying rate was significantly decreased(P<0.05).2)Compared with the control group,dietary supplementation of common flaxseed and extruded flaxseed had no significant effects on eggshell strength,eggshell thickness,egg-shape index and egg yolk ratio of Beijing You chicken eggs within 8 weeks(P>0.05),but significantly decreased the egg yolk color(P<0.05).At week 16,compared with the control group,the eggshell strength,eggshell thickness and egg yolk redness value in experimental group were significantly decreased(P<0.05).With the extension of feeding time,the egg quality indices of all groups showed a downward trend after 8 weeks.3)Compared with the control group,the contents of n-3 PUFA,α-linolenic acid(ALA)an

关 键 词：亚麻籽 膨化亚麻籽 北京油鸡 生产性能 N-3多不饱和脂肪酸 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]