亚里士多德实践哲学视域下教育评价的困境与消解  

Dilemma and Resolution of Educational Evaluation from the Perspective of Aristotle's Practical Philosophy

作　　者：黄林彦 吴文胜[1] Huang Linyan;Wu Wensheng(Jing Hengyi School of Education,Hangzhou Normal University,Hangzhou Zhejiang 311121)

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学经亨颐教育学院,浙江杭州311121

出　　处：《和田师范专科学校学报》2024年第3期42-47,62,共7页Journal of Hotan Normal College

摘　　要：工具理性和技术主义掩盖教育评价的目的性或伦理性追求,导致教育评价的目的对生活的质的增长和对人自我实现的意义视而不见,教育评价的方法、测量手段、理念和价值具有强烈的数字表征倾向,拘囿于对个人竞争力的增值,缺乏对精神世界的关怀。亚里士多德将“实践”理解以自身为目的从而实现幸福的活动,与教育评价的本体追求具有极高的契合度。在实践哲学视域下,教育评价不单单是出于满足主体需要的行为,而是基于实践理性以发展的、创造的、开放的方式对某一教育行为使主体产生变化的好与坏进行价值判断的行动,它具有目的在内、以人为中心和贯穿教育过程始终这三种实践的应然属性。教育评价的实践品质带来的必然是生动的、鲜明的、具有终极关怀的和生命感召的教育实践。以亚里士多德的实践哲学谨慎审视教育评价的目的性或伦理性追求,重拾教育评价的实践品质,使教育评价复归其本体价值。Instrumental reason and technologism cover up the purposive or ethical pursuit of educational evaluation,resulting in its purpose of ignoring the qualitative growth of life and the significance of self-actualization.Educational evaluation tends to have a strong numerical representation in methods,tools,ideas and value,etc.,and is restricted to the increment of individual competitiveness and lacks concern for the spirit world.According to Aristotle,“Praxis”are activities to achieve happiness with actions themselves,which has a high appropriateness with the ontological pursuit of educational evaluation.From the perspective of practical philosophy,educational evaluation is not only an action to meet the needs of a subject but also to judge the good and bad of changes made by a certain educational behavior on a subject,which is in an evolutive,creative and open way based on practical reason.It has three practical necessities:taking actions themselves as the purpose,taking people as the center,and running through the whole process of education.The practical quality of educational evaluation must bring vivid,lively,ultimate concern and life-inspired educational practice.This paper carefully examines the purposive or ethical pursuit of educational evaluation based on Aristotle's practical philosophy and restores the practical quality of educational evaluation to its ontological value.

关 键 词：教育评价 亚里士多德 实践哲学 实践活动 

分 类 号：G40[文化科学—教育学原理]