少数民族国家通用语言能力的嬗变与提升——以独龙族国家通用语言能力现状及脱贫前后对比为中心  

Evolution and Improvement of the National Lingua Franca Ability of Ethnic Minorities:Status of Dulong Ethnic Group and Contrast before and after Poverty Alleviation

作　　者：黄兴亚 方寅 HUANG Xingya;FANG Yin(Department of Foreign Languages,Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine,Kunming 650500;Zhou Youguang School of Language and Culture,Changzhou University,Changzhou Jiangsu 213164)

机构地区：[1]云南中医药大学外语部,昆明650500 [2]常州大学周有光文学院,江苏常州213164

出　　处：《江汉学术》2024年第5期92-102,共11页JIANGHAN ACADEMIC

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目“跨境独龙族语言生活现状及演变研究”(20XJA740001)。

摘　　要：为了探究独龙族脱贫前后国家通用语言能力的变化,通过2023年的问卷调查以及与2016年的调查数据进行对比,并利用SPSS19.0软件统计分析受访者的国家通用语言能力在性别、年龄、受教育程度等社会变项上的差异,可以发现,独龙族脱贫后国家通用语言能力的听说能力得到了显著的提升,其中学龄前儿童和中老年人的进步尤为明显。这是教育的发展、语言接触增多、智能手机等媒介的普遍使用以及对国家通用语言的情感认同等多种因素的共同作用的结果。教育对提升学龄前儿童和义务教育阶段群体的国家通用语言能力的贡献最大,当受教育程度达到高中后,教育对提升国家通用语言能力的贡献逐渐减弱,推广国家通用语言的核心受众是18岁以上且受教育程度在高中以下务农的群体。为提升少数民族国家通用语言能力,需要从家长、学校、政府三个层面做出努力。In order to explore the changes of the Tulong ethnic group’s national lingua franca ability before and after the alleviation of their poverty,questionnaire surveys were done respectively in 2016 and in 2023 for comparison,and the SPSS19.0 software was used to statistically analyze the differences of the respondents’national lingua franca ability in social variables such as gender,age,and education level.The results show that after the poverty alleviation,the Drungs’listening and speaking ability has gained marked improvement,especially among the preschoolers and the middle-aged and elderly people.A combination of factors have been working for the result including the development of education,increased exposure to languages,the widespread use of media such as smartphones,and their emotional identification with the national language.Education makes the greatest contribution to the improvement of national lingua franca ability of preschool children and groups enjoying compulsory education.When the education level reaches senior high school,the contribution of education to the improvement of national lingua franca ability gradually weakens.Hence,the core audience for the promotion of national lingua franca is the farming community over 18 years old with an education level below senior high school.In order to improve the national lingua franca ability of minority nationalities,it is necessary for parents,schools,and governments to make efforts.

关 键 词：独龙族 国家通用语 语言能力 听说能力 读写能力 社会变项 

分 类 号：H102[语言文字—汉语] H002