多种教学方法在肾内科住院医师规范化培训中的探索与应用  

Exploration and Application of Various Teaching Methods in the Standardized Training of Nephrology Residents

作　　者：方彬 王玉梅[1] 张春[1] FANG Bin;WANG Yumei;ZHANG Chun(Department of Nephrology,Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan Hubei 430022,China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院肾内科,湖北武汉430022

出　　处：《中国继续医学教育》2024年第18期68-72,共5页China Continuing Medical Education

基　　金：华中科技大学2020年研究生教学改革项目(YY202039)。

摘　　要：肾内科是内科学中一门专业性较强,同时涉及多学科基础理论,具有多种外科操作的,相对复杂又比较综合的临床学科,其临床实践课程教学难度较大。肾内科住培医师普遍具有知识运用能力欠佳、临床技能尚不熟练等特点,加之肾内科轮科时间仅有1~2个月,如何在有限的时间内积极训练肾内科住培医师的临床思维,努力提升其临床技能,将其培养成能独立从事临床工作的合格医生,是肾内科住院医师规范化培训过程中的重要课题。文章探讨了联合以问题为基础的教学法(problem-based learning,PBL)和案例教学法(case-based learning,CBL)、“三明治”教学法、同伴互助学习法、联合迷你临床演练评估(mini-clinical evaluation exercise,Mini-CEX)和联合操作技能直接观察评估(directobservationof procedural skills,DOPS)教学法、联合翻转课堂和微课教学法、多学科综合诊疗(multi-disciplinary team,MDT)教学法、联合多种网络资源教学法等多种教学方法特点,为肾内科住院医师规范化培训教学模式的改革提供参考。Nephrology is a relatively complex,highly specialized and comprehensive clinical discipline of internal medicine,involving multidisciplinary basic theories and various surgical operations,therefore,it’s one of the difficult point in clinical teaching of internal medicine.In addition,nephrology resident physicians generally have the characteristics of poor knowledge application ability,unskilled clinical skills,and only 1~2 months of nephrology rotation time.How to actively train nephrology resident physicians in clinical practice in a limited time,improve their clinical skills,and train them to be qualified doctors that can independently engage in clinical practice are important topics in the standardized training of nephrology residents.This paper discusses various teaching methods such as combined problem-based learning(PBL)teaching method and case-based learning(CBL)teaching method,"sandwich"teaching method,peer-assisted learning,combined mini-clinical evaluation exercise(Mini-CEX)and direct observation of procedural skills(DOPS)teaching method,combined flipped classroom combined and micro-lecture teaching method,multi-disciplinary team(MDT)teaching method,as well as the combination of various network resources,aiming to provide references for the reform of standardize training for nephrology residents.

关 键 词：住院医师 规范化培训 教学方法 肾内科 教学改革 教学质量 

分 类 号：G642[文化科学—高等教育学]