太阳能无人机姿态/能量耦合实验教学平台设计与应用  

Design and application of attitude/energy coupling experimental teaching platform for solar-powered UAVs

作　　者：刘子荣 张晓辉[1] 刘军虎 李焱宇 王同辉 LIU Zirong;ZHANG Xiaohui;LIU Junhu;LI Yanyu;WANG Tonghui(School of Aerospace Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China;CASIC Space Engineering Development Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100854,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学宇航学院,北京100081 [2]航天科工空间工程发展有限公司,北京100854

出　　处：《实验技术与管理》2024年第9期124-130,共7页Experimental Technology and Management

基　　金：北京理工大学第五届实验室研究项目(北理工办通〔2022〕4号)。

摘　　要：为探究太阳能无人机在飞行过程中飞行姿态与能量状态之间的耦合关系,该文设计了太阳能无人机姿态/能量耦合实验教学平台。该平台可有效模拟无人机俯仰、滚转和偏航姿态,实时测量不同飞行状态时太阳能机翼发电状态的变化,通过单轴转动实验和模拟飞行姿态的多轴转动实验,展示了姿态/能量耦合机理;通过引入最大功率点跟踪控制器,对比分析了不同控制算法的跟踪效果。实验结果表明该实验教学平台可直观展示太阳能无人机的能效特点,帮助学生认知太阳能无人机运动特征与太阳能机翼发电功率的耦合关系,可有效支撑太阳能无人机高能效飞行关键技术实验研究。[Objective]Solar-powered unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)utilize solar energy as their main power source,converting sunlight into electricity via solar cells on their wings.The energy state of these UAVs is influenced by external environmental factors and flight behaviors,such as changes in the environment over space and time,the UAV’s flight position and attitude angles,and the coupling effect of maximum power point tracking methods on power generation.The complex coupling mechanism between these factors is not adequately explained in existing literature,and there is a lack of experimental instruments and platforms that visualize this relationship.This paper introduces a low-cost and lightweight experimental platform designed to investigate the coupling relationship between flight attitude and energy state in solar-powered UAVs.[Methods]The platform is mainly composed of a three-axis turntable,a solar-powered UAV wing segment,a simulation model,and data interaction software.This platform can effectively simulate how changes in pitch,roll,and yaw attitude affect the power generation of solar wings.Through single-axis rotation experiments and multiaxis rotation experiments simulating flight attitudes,the system demonstrates how flight attitudes affect the efficiency of solar power generation,thereby revealing the coupling mechanism between flight attitude and energy state.Furthermore,the platform features autonomous irradiance sensing and tracking control of the maximum power point of solar wings.A maximum power point tracking controller is integrated to dynamically adjust the working state of the battery panel,optimizing energy output under different irradiance and attitude conditions.The platform compares the constant voltage method with the perturbation observation method,evaluating their respective impacts on solar power efficiency.[Results]Experimental results show that both flight time and attitude significantly affect the temperature and irradiance intensity on the wing surface.Within certain limits,higher

关 键 词：太阳能 无人机 模拟飞行 姿态/能量耦合 实验教学 

分 类 号：V216.8[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程] G484[文化科学—教育学]