新时代促进高职学生高质量充分就业:现状、困境与对策  

Promoting High-Quality and Full Employment of Higher Vocational Students in the New Era:Current Situation,Dilemmas and Countermeasures

作　　者：高明[1] 丁洪宾 GAO Ming;DING Hongbin(Liaoning University,Shenyang Liaoning 110136)

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学,辽宁沈阳110136

出　　处：《当代职业教育》2024年第5期87-95,共9页Contemporary Vocational Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“十三五”规划2020年度教育学一般课题“类型教育视野下我国高层次应用型人才培养模式变革研究”的阶段性研究成果(编号:BJA200106)。

摘　　要：高质量充分就业是衡量经济高质量发展的关键指标,是实现中国式现代化的重要标志。目前,高职学生就业现状中,存在初次就业率较高,但三年后离职率较高;总体收入水平稳中有升,但与普通本科毕业生相比差距较大;毕业半年后工作与专业相关,但三年后相关度下降;毕业后三年内晋升比例下降,不同行业和职业差异明显等现实困境。分析其受制约的因素,主要是政策层面上,制定系统性、激励正向性和保障针对性不够;产业层面上,满足高职学生实现高端就业的机会不足;院校层面上,专业设置与社会需求联系不紧;个人层面上,高职学生的创新能力和就业能力亟须提高等。要实现高职学生高质量充分就业,就要完善政策体系,提供制度保障;深化产教融合和校企合作,扩大就业渠道和资源;优化专业设置,紧密对接产业和企业需求;增强学生个人就业能力,提高就业成功率。High-quality and full employment serves as a key indicator of high-quality economic development and signifies the attainment of Chinese modernization.At present,the employment status of higher vocational students presents several realistic dilemmas:a high initial employment rate coupled with a high departure rate after three years;a steady increase in overall income levels,yet a significant disparity compared to ordinary undergraduate graduates;job relevance to the profession after six months of graduation,but a decline in relevance after three years;and a decrease in proportion rates within three years post-graduation,with notable differences across various industries and occupations.Analysing the constraints,the primary factors include insufficiently targeted formulation of systematic,positive incentives and protection at the policy level;inadequate opportunities for higher vocational students to secure high-end employment at the industrial level;professional settings not closely aligned with social demand at the institutional level;and an rugent need to improve the innovation capability and employability of higher vocational students are at the individual level.To attain high-quality and full employment of higher vocational students,it is necessary to enhance the policy system and provide institutional guarantee,deepen the integration between industry and education,school-enterprise cooperation to broaden employment channels and resources;optimise professional settings to closely align with the needs of industries and enterprises;and enhance students'individual employability to enhance the employment success rate.

关 键 词：高质量充分就业 高职院校 毕业生 人才培养 创新创业 

分 类 号：G715[文化科学—职业技术教育学]