障碍物特性曲线参数反演及车辆碰撞性评估  

Inversion Calculation of Obstacle Characteristic Curve Parameters and Vehicle Crashworthiness Assessment

作　　者：毕妤靖 秦睿贤 陈秉智[1] BI Yujing;QIN Ruixian;CHEN Bingzhi(School of Locomotive and Rolling Stock Engineering,Dalian Jiaotong University,Dalian 116028,China)

机构地区：[1]大连交通大学机车车辆工程学院,大连116028

出　　处：《铁道标准设计》2024年第9期208-215,共8页Railway Standard Design

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52271023);辽宁省教育厅科学研究项目(LJKZ0493);大连市科技创新基金应用基础研究项目(2022JJ12GX029)。

摘　　要：城市有轨电车多采用混合路权,即有轨电车与地面交通车辆、行人等共享路权。由于运营的特殊性,有轨电车发生碰撞事故概率较大,对其被动安全防护研究具有重要意义。EN 15227—2020标准针对C-IV类有轨电车增加了城市道路交通7.5 t障碍物碰撞工况,为得到符合标准的障碍物模型,对障碍物特性曲线进行参数反演,并应用符合标准的障碍物对车辆耐撞性进行评估。首先应用Hyper-Mesh软件建立城市道路交通7.5t障碍物有限元模型;然后应用Isight集成Pam-Crash软件对材料弹性模量及应力-应变曲线进行参数反演,得到符合标准的障碍物特性曲线;最后分别将障碍物标准曲线缩放至0.75及1.25倍,分析3种不同标准曲线下障碍物模型对有轨电车耐撞性评估的影响。结果表明:参数反演后得到的障碍物模型符合标准要求,可较好地对车辆耐撞性进行评估。相比于1.0倍标准曲线的障碍物模型,采用1.25倍标准曲线的障碍物模型,碰撞后障碍物吸能减少10.9%,撞击时冲击力峰值增加34.4%,列车司机室生存空间压缩量增大9.1%,1.25倍标准曲线下列车耐撞性指标偏保守;采用0.75倍标准曲线的障碍物模型,碰撞后障碍物吸能增加24.9%,撞击时冲击力峰值减少6.5%,列车司机室生存空间压缩量减少39.3%,0.75倍标准曲线下列车耐撞性指标偏高。Urban trams mostly operate on public roads,sharing roads with vehicles,pedestrians,and others.Due to their unique operational characteristics,trams are more prone to collision accidents,making the research of passive safety protection crucial.The EN 15227—2020 standard introduces a 7.5-ton obstacle collision scenario for C-IV trams in urban road traffic.To develop an obstacle model that complies with the standard,the parameters of the obstacle characteristic curve were inversely calculated,and the crashworthiness of trams was evaluated using the standard-compliant obstacle.First,Hyper-Mesh software was used to establish a finite element model of a 7.5-ton obstacle in urban road traffic.Then,Isight software,integrated with Pam-Crash,was used to perform inverse parameter calculations of the obstacle's elastic modulus and stress-strain curve,resulting in an obstacle characteristic curve that meets the standard.Finally,the standard obstacle curve was scaled to 0.75 and 1.25 times,respectively,to analyze the effects of the obstacle models under three different standard curves on crashworthiness evaluation of trams.The results showed that the obstacle model obtained through parameter inversion met the standard requirements and could effectively evaluate vehicle crashworthiness.Compared to the obstacle model of 1.0 times standard curve,the obstacle model of 1.25 times standard curve reduced obstacle energy absorption by 10.9%after collision,increased the peak impact force by 34.4%,and reduced the survival space in driver's cabin by 9.1%,indicating more conservative crashworthiness indicators.Conversely,the obstacle model of 0.75 times standard curve increased energy absorption by 24.9%,reduced the peak impact force by 6.5%,and increased the survival space in driver's cabin by 39.3%,indicating higher crashworthiness indicators.

关 键 词：有轨电车 参数反演 障碍物 碰撞 EN15227-2020标准 

分 类 号：U270.1[机械工程—车辆工程]