2020—2022年海南省市售蔬菜农药残留调查及风险评估  

Investigation and risk assessment of pesticide residues in commercially available vegetables in Hainan Province from 2020 to 2022

作　　者：赖宣丞 蔡月 黎承[1] 叶海湄[1] LAI Xuan-cheng;CAI Yue;LI Cheng;YE Hai-mei(Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Haikou 570203,China)

机构地区：[1]海南省疾病预防控制中心,海口570203

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2024年第9期185-190,共6页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金项目(820MS156)。

摘　　要：为调查海南省市售蔬菜的农药残留以及评估农药残留的潜在危害,收集2020—2022年海南省18个市县214份蔬菜样品,采用液相质谱联用法对33种农药进行分析,计算风险指数(R)和食品安全指数(IFS),评估农药对人类健康的风险。结果表明,2020—2022年海南省市售蔬菜的农药残留检测项目包括4类共33项,共检出23种农药,含量平均值为0.0012~0.0496 mg/kg,农药检出率大小表现为杀菌剂类>杀虫剂类>氨基甲酸酯类>有机磷类;在214份蔬菜样品中,158份样品至少检测出1种农药(73.8%),鲜豆类和叶菜类蔬菜检出6~9种农药,农药残留共存最多的是芹菜和普通白菜,均检出9种农药;采用风险系数法评估23种农药的残留风险,灭蝇胺被评估为高风险农药,克百威和3-羟基克百威被评估为中风险农药;根据食品安全指数法,除残杀威外,其他22种农药的食品安全指数(IFS)为0.00002~0.01297,均远小于1.00000,海南省蔬菜农残风险可以被消费者接受;风险评估结果表明,海南省大部分居民不会因食用海南省市售蔬菜面临健康风险,但多种农药联合使用的危害还需进一步研究。To investigate pesticide residues in commercially available vegetables in Hainan Province and evaluate the potential haz-ards of pesticide residues,214 vegetable samples were collected from 18 cities and counties in Hainan Province from 2020 to 2022,33 pesticides were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,and the risk index(R)and index of food safety(IFS)were calculated to evaluate the risks of pesticides to human health.The results showed that from 2020 to 2022,the pesticide residues detec-tion items for commercially available vegetables in Hainan Province included 4 categories and a total of 33 items.A total of 23 pesti-cides were detected,with an average content of 0.0012~0.0496 mg/kg,the detection rate of pesticides was shown as follows:fungi-cides>insecticides>carbamates>organic phosphorus;among 214 vegetable samples,at least one pesticide(73.8%)was detected in 158 samples,and 6~9 pesticides were detected in fresh legumes and leafy vegetables.Celery and ordinary Chinese cabbage had the most coexisting pesticide residues,with 9 pesticides detected in both samples;the residual risk of 23 pesticides was evaluated using the risk coefficient method.Drosophilamine was evaluated as a high-risk pesticide,while carbofuran and 3-hydroxycarbofuran were evaluated as medium risk pesticides;according to the Food Safety Index Law,the index of food safety(IFS)of 22 other pesticides,ex-cept for Methomicide,ranged from 0.00002 to 0.01297,all of which were far less than 1.00000.The risk of pesticide residues in veg-etables in Hainan Province could be accepted by consumers;the risk assessment results indicated that the majority of residents in Hain-an Province would not face health risks from consuming commercially available vegetables in Hainan Province,but further research was needed on the hazards of the combined use of multiple pesticides.

关 键 词：市售蔬菜 农药残留 食品安全指数 风险评估 海南省 

分 类 号：R155[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]