风阻制动板外形参数对高速列车气动特性影响分析  

Effect of configuration parameters of aerodynamic braking plates on aerodynamic characteristics of high-speed train

作　　者：张普阳 乔峰 王树宾 尹振坤 杨川 张翔 王家斌 高广军[1] ZHANG Puyang;QIAO Feng;WANG Shubin;YIN Zhenkun;YANG Chuan;ZHANG Xiang;WANG Jiabin;GAO Guangjun(The State Key Laboratory of Heavy-duty and Express High-power Electric Locomotive,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co.,Ltd.,Changchun 130062,China;Locomotive&Car Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081 China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学重载快捷大功率电力机车全国重点实验室,湖南长沙410075 [2]中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司,吉林长春130062 [3]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司机车车辆研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2024年第9期3481-3492,共12页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发项目(K2021J047);国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB4301202-16);中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司基金资助项目(2020YJ175);中南大学研究生科研创新项目(自主探索类)(1053320220657)。

摘　　要：随着高速列车运营速度的不断提升,应对更高速列车安全制动及紧急停车问题日益凸显。针对这一问题,就流线型头部及等截面车身位置布置风阻制动板,采用基于SSTk-ω湍流模型的RANS方法研究了风阻制动板高度、开口设计及开口制动板位置、高度与开口协同等因素对列车气动特性的影响,并通过风阻制动列车风洞试验验证了数值模拟方法的正确性。结果表明风阻制动板影响了列车表面压力分布特性,诱发气流强分离现象。此外,风阻制动板增强了整车压差阻力,进而增强列车气动阻力。增高的风阻制动板会扩大压力分布范围,导致板后回流区分布范围增加,其所受气动阻力得到增加。风阻制动板的开口设计及开口制动板位置的变化带来的影响并不显著,但开口设计能够强化后方增高的风阻制动板所受气动阻力。合理增高制动板对于整车的气动增阻效果最为明显,最大增阻效果为原始高速列车所受气动阻力的422.91%。相比于单纯的开口设计及开口制动板位置的变化,采用开口设计与增高协同布置能够具有较好的气动增阻表现,增阻效果为420.67%。As the operational speeds of high-speed trains continue to increase,the challenges associated with ensuring the safety of high-speed train braking and emergency stopping become increasingly prominent.In response to this issue,aerodynamic braking plates are positioned at the streamlined front and other cross-sectional locations of the train body to address safety concerns.This study investigated the effects of factors such as the height of the braking plates,the design of the openings,and the coordinated placement of opening braking plates on the aerodynamic characteristics of the train,using the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)method based on the SST k-ωturbulence model.The correctness of the numerical simulation method was validated through wind tunnel experiments on a train equipped with aerodynamic braking plates.The research results are drawn as follow.The aerodynamic braking plates influence the surface pressure distribution characteristics of the train,inducing significant airflow separation phenomena.Additionally,the aerodynamic braking plates enhance the overall pressure differential resistance,thereby increasing the aerodynamic resistance of the train.Elevated aerodynamic braking plates lead to an expansion of the pressure distribution range,causing an increase in the distribution range of the recirculation zone behind the plates and increasing the aerodynamic resistance of the plates.The impact of variations in the design and position of the openings in the aerodynamic braking plates is not significant,but the design of the openings can strengthen the aerodynamic resistance experienced by the elevated aerodynamic braking plates in the rear.Elevating the braking plates reasonably results in the most pronounced aerodynamic resistance enhancement for the entire train,with a maximum increase effect reaching the 422.91%of the aerodynamic drag experienced by the original high-speed train.Compared to solely altering the design and position of the openings in the braking plates,the coordinated arrangement

关 键 词：高速列车 风阻制动 外形参数 气动特性 数值模拟 

分 类 号：U271.91[机械工程—车辆工程]