牟宗三的“中国式唯心论”刍议  

On Mou Zongsan's“Chinese Theory of Weixin”

作　　者：黄敏[1] Huang Min

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学哲学院,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《文史哲》2024年第5期95-106,167,共13页Literature,History,and Philosophy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“现代新儒家知识论思想研究”(21BZX075)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：牟宗三认为,真正的唯心论系统唯中国哲学独有,西方哲学所谓idealism不应译为唯心论,而应为观念论。中国的唯心论又名彻底唯心论,可从彻底的实在论、唯本心、实践的智慧学三方面来理解,其唯心之心实为本心、道德自我、本体,体现心的实存性、主观性与客观性的统一,是具体而普遍之心。只有在良知、自由无限心的语境中,通过个体生命实践工夫,唯心之论才可证成,表明道德自我需要在实践中实现自身。这一中国式唯心论实质上是传统儒学心性论的现代转进,也是牟宗三两层存有论哲学体系之要义。然而,唯心论在中西哲学不同语境背景下存在翻译和理解差异,中国式唯心论虽能彰显中国哲学之殊相,突出天人不二,却也存在一些理论上的言说困难。Mou Zongsan believes that the true system of idealism is unique to Chinese philosophy,and the so-called idealism in Western philosophy actually refers to ideational theory.The Chinese theory of Weixin could be known as thorough idealism,which can be understood from three aspects of thorough realism,original mind,and practical wisdom.Idealism in this sense is the root and the moral self.Only in the context of conscience and through the practice of individual life,Xin can be justified.The essence of this“Chinese Weixin”is a modern transformation of traditional Confucian theory of mind,as well as the essence of Mou Zongsan's two-level ontological philosophy system.However,there exists discrepancy on translation and understanding of idealism in different contexts of Chinese and Western philosophy.Although the Chinese theory of Weixin can show the special features of Chinese philosophy,it also has difficulties on theoretical discourse.

关 键 词：中国式唯心论 观念论 康德 自由无限心 自我 

分 类 号：B261[哲学宗教—中国哲学]