教育强国建设背景下现代职业教育体系改革的时代路向  

Contemporary Approaches to the Reform of the Modern Vocational Education System in the Background of Building a Powerful Country in Education

作　　者：张等菊 安雪慧 Zhang Dengju;An Xuehui(the College of Vocational and Technical Education,South China Normal University,Shanwei 516600;the Research Center for Regional Education,China National Academy of Educational Sciences,Beijing 100088)

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学职业教育学院,广东汕尾516600 [2]中国教育科学研究院区域教育研究所,北京100088

出　　处：《教育研究》2024年第9期105-118,共14页Educational Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金2022年度教育学一般项目“技能型社会建设背景下职业院校教师企业实践的制度适配性研究”(编号:BJA220256)的研究成果。

摘　　要：现代职业教育体系改革是优化职业教育类型定位和推动其高质量发展的重要举措。自改革开放以来,我国职业教育体系在追求历史权变性和时代合理性进程中经历了基于教育结构调整战略的初探期、基于国家竞争力提升战略的演变期和基于经济转型发展战略的创新期,每个阶段的演进逻辑均表征了其履行时代使命的价值品性。在向着建成教育强国战略目标奋勇迈进的新时期,现代职业教育体系为追求“以技强国”的伟大宏愿,亟须在不同张力中寻求基石假设和时代价值,并将其凝练为行动路径指导改革实践。为此,必须坚守职业教育的“第一原理”,厘清自身根基性命题;建立个体职业陶冶制度,厚植技能养成系统根脉;实施职业教育、普通教育、继续教育“下融上通横联”,优化职业教育人才供应链;注重“演绎式”评价和多主体“精益化”育人导向,建构多元开放的教育质量观,最终推动职业教育成为真正“创造价值的教育”。The reform of the modern vocational education system is an important strategy to optimize the types of vocational education and promote its high-quality development.Since the reform and opening-up,China's vocational education system has experienced the preliminary period(based on the strategy for educational structure adjustment),the evolutionary period(based on the strategy for improving national competitiveness)and the innovational period(based on the strategy for economic transformation and development)in pursuit of the change of historical rights and the rationality of the times,with the evolutionary logic of each period representing the value of the mission of the times.In the new era when we are striving to achieve the strategic goal of building a powerful country in education,the modern vocational education system needs to seek a foundational hypothesis and the contemporary value in different tensions so as to pursue the great prospect for"developing a powerful country through technology,"and condense the prospect into approaches to action to guide the practice of the reform.To this end,it is necessary to follow the"first principle"for vocational education,and clarify the fundamental issues of vocational education;establish individuals'vocational edification system,and consolidate the root of the system for skill cultivation;integrate vocational education with general education and continuing education(by means of integrating secondary vocational schools and ordinary senior high schools,integrating vocational education at the junior college level and vocational education above college level,and connecting vocational education and general education in terms of academic certificates and skills certificates),and optimize the supply chain of talents in vocational education;and highlight"deductive"evaluation plus multi-subject and student-centered orientations to talent cultivation,construct a diversified and open view of educational quality,and genuinely make vocational education"value-creating education."

关 键 词：教育强国 现代职业教育体系 技能人才 教育综合改革 

分 类 号：G719.2[文化科学—职业技术教育学]