一株硫苷降解菌和单宁增长菌的筛选及鉴定  

Screening and Characterization of a Strain of Glucosinolate-Degrading and Tannin-Growing Bacteria

作　　者：狄闪闪 万发春 沈维军[1] 王祚 DI Shanshan;WAN Fachun;SHEN Weijun;WANG Zuo(College of Animal Science and Technology,Hunan Agricultural University,Hunan Changsha 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学动物科学技术学院,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《饲料工业》2024年第20期130-136,共7页Feed Industry

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目[2022YFD1301101-1];湖南省科技厅科技创新团队项目[2021RC4060];国家自然科学基金面上项目[32172758];国家肉牛牦牛产业技术体系[CARS-37];湖南省自然科学基金项目[2019JJ50279、2021JJ30011]。

摘　　要：试验以菜籽粕和油菜地土壤中微生物为来源,采用透明水解圈法和菜籽粕固态发酵技术,从中筛选出既能降解菜籽粕中硫苷同时又能提高其中单宁含量的菌株。利用基础培养基将菜籽粕和油菜地土壤中的微生物进行分离、纯化培养;利用硫苷和单宁筛选培养基通过透明水解圈法进行初筛;随后采用菜籽粕固态发酵技术,以菜籽粕中硫苷和单宁含量为筛选指标,筛选既能降解菜籽粕中硫苷又能提高单宁含量的菌株。结果表明:(1)通过初筛得到13株菌株。(2)采用菜籽粕固态发酵技术筛选得到了既能降解菜籽粕中硫苷又能提高单宁含量的菌株为X78,其硫苷降解率为7.31%,单宁增长率为9.89%。(3)通过菌株形态学特征、生化鉴定和16S rDNA序列分析,鉴定X78菌株为粘质沙雷氏菌(Serratia marcescens)。综上所述,以菜籽粕和油菜地土壤中的微生物为来源,能够筛选出既能降解菜籽粕中硫苷又能提高单宁含量的菌株。This experiment was conducted to use microorganisms from rapeseed meal and rape field soil as a source,through the transparent hydrolysis circle method and solid-state fermentation of rapeseed meal,with the aim of screening strains that degraded the glucosinolate and increased the tannin content in rapeseed meal.Microorganisms in rapeseed meal and rape field soil were isolated,purified and cultured by using basic medium;primary screening was carried out by the transparent hydrolysis circle method using the glucosinolate and tannin screening medium;subsequently,the solid-state fermentation technology of rapeseed meal was used to screen strains that could both degrade the glucosinolate and increase the tannin content of rapeseed meal,using the glucosinolate and tannin content of rapeseed meal as the screening indexes.The results showed as follows:①the 13 strains were obtained by primary screening.②The solid-state fermentation technology of rapeseed meal was used to screen and obtain the strain X78 that could both degrade the glucosinolate and increase the tannin content of rapeseed meal,with the glucosinolate degradation rate of 7.31%,and the tannin growth rate of 9.89%.③The strain X78 is identified as Serratia marcescens by morphological characterization,biochemical identification and 16S rDNA sequence analysis.It is concluded that using microorganisms from rapeseed meal and rape field soil as a source,it is possible to screen for strains that degrading glucosinolate as well as increasing tannin content in rapeseed meal.

关 键 词：菜籽粕 固态发酵 硫代葡萄糖苷 单宁 粘质沙雷氏菌 

分 类 号：S816.3[农业科学—饲料科学]