为何“高学低就”:过度教育的影响因素研究  

Why“High Education and Low Employment”:a Study on the Influencing Factors of Overeducation

作　　者：邵剑耀 SHAO Jianyao

机构地区：[1]厦门大学教育研究院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《深圳社会科学》2024年第6期127-136,共10页Social Sciences in Shenzhen

基　　金：厦门大学研究生田野调查基金项目“地方高校评价价值研究”(2024FG014)。

摘　　要：“高学低就”现象成为当前劳动力市场中重要且紧迫的现实问题。基于中国综合社会调查(CGSS)数据分析发现,教育失配现象在不同群体中均有发生,但总体上各类群体表现出教育适度特征,过度教育更易发生于传统优势群体中,而教育不足更易发生于传统弱势群体中;个人层面的学历水平和认知能力以及地区层面的对外经济发展水平是影响过度教育的主要因素;各因素对过度教育的影响因个体特征的不同而呈现出异质性,个人层面的因素对传统的弱势群体的积极影响更大,而地区层面的经济因素则对传统的优势群体的积极影响更大。有鉴于此,应关注弱势群体的高等教育机会获得,稳步推进高等教育普及化向纵深发展;构建终身教育体系,加快建设学习型社会;提升公共就业服务水平,促进高质量充分就业;增强工业企业科技创新,加快地区经济对外开放水平。The phenomenon of“High education and low employment”has become an important and urgent practical problem in the current labor market.Based on the data analysis of China General Social Survey(CGSS),it is found that the phenomenon of education mismatch occurs in different groups.But in general,all groups show the characteristics of moderate education.Overeducation is more likely to occur in the traditional advantaged groups,while under-education is more likely to occur in the traditional disadvantaged groups.Individual educational level and cognitive ability as well as regional external economic development level are the main factors affecting over-education.The influence of various factors on over-education presents heterogeneity due to different individual characteristics.The positive influence of individual factors on the traditional disadvantaged groups is greater,while the positive influence of regional economic factors on the traditional advantaged groups is greater.Thus,we should pay attention to the disadvantaged groups’access to higher education opportunities,and steadily promote the popularization of higher education to develop in depth.Besides,we should build a lifelong education system and accelerate the construction of a learning-oriented society.What’s more,improving the level of public employment services and promoting high-quality full employment are also important.Lastly,we should pay attention to strengthen scientific and technological innovation in industrial enterprises and accelerate the opening up of the regional economy.

关 键 词：过度教育 教育错配 “教育—工作”匹配 影响因素 学习型社会 

分 类 号：G629.22[文化科学—教育学]