ChatGPT在高等教育应用中的“科林格里奇困境”及其对知识生产与人才培养的影响  

The“Collingridge Dilemma”of ChatGPT in Higher Education Applications and Its Influence on Knowledge Production and Talent Cultivation

作　　者：张艳丽[1] 杨颉 ZHANG Yanli;Yang Jie

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学教育学院,上海200240 [2]上海市教育委员会高等教育处,上海200041

出　　处：《上海交通大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第10期99-109,共11页Journal of Shanghai Jiao tong University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部教育质量评估中心项目“高校质量保障体系建设研究”(2022 W18)。

摘　　要：在高等教育领域,作为最新的人工智能工具之一,ChatGPT的运用具有巨大价值,其可以辅助大学教师教学、运用数据进行管理并对大学生提供个性化支持等。但我们也要谨防ChatGPT的过度使用会陷入“科林格里奇困境”:削弱大学人才的创新性;降低大学生的独立思考与自主学习能力;存在人被技术所“奴役”的隐忧;以及加剧教育不平等的潜在风险。在高等教育的发展历史中,技术变革与高等教育既存在促进关系,也存在微妙的“竞赛”关系:技术能够促进教育目标的实现,也塑造着大学教育形态与人才培养规格;技术改变了知识生产模式,使其从“知识权威”“学者权威”走向“知识选择”;同时,技术发展也给学习者本身带来巨大影响,学习机会的不均等与学习能力的不对等将带来学生群体的学习分化,影响个体成长和群体进步。因此,我们必须审慎地评估技术工具使用的各方后果,实现其“技术性”和“价值性”的统一,使之为人才培养服务。As one of the latest AI tools,ChatGPT has a great value in the field of higher education.It can assist university teachers in teaching,use data to improve management efficiency,and provide personalized support to college students.However,the“Collingridge dilemma”caused by excessive application of ChatGPT should also be paid attention to:it weakens the innovation skills of talents;it reduces independent thinking and learner autonomy of college students;there is a hidden concern that humans are being“enslaved”by technology;and there are potential risks of exacerbating educational inequality.In the history of the development of higher education,there is both a promotion relationship and a subtle“competition”relationship between technological change and higher education.Technology can not only promote the realization of higher education goals,but also shape the form of university education and talent cultivation standards.It has changed the mode of knowledge production from“knowledge authority”and“scholar authority”to“knowledge selection”.At the same time,it also has a huge impact on learners themselves.Unequal learning opportunities and unequal learning ability of different learners will lead to learning differentiation of learner groups and affect individual growth and group progress.Therefore,the various consequences of the application of technological tools must be carefully evaluated to realize the unity of“technicality”and“value”,and make them serve for talent cultivation.

关 键 词：ChatGPT 科林格里奇困境 教育公平 知识生产 人才创新 学习分化 

分 类 号：G649.2[文化科学—高等教育学] TP18[文化科学—教育学]