高校拒斥视障学生的批判性话语分析  

A Critical Discourse Analysis on the Rejection of Visually-Impaired Students by Universities

作　　者：周文晴 ZHOU Wenqing(Department of Psychology,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学心理学系,北京100872

出　　处：《教育学报》2024年第5期139-150,共12页Journal of Educational Studies

摘　　要：近年来国家大力保障残障人士受教育的公平权利,然而视障学生的升学仍时常面临被高校拒考、退档等阻力,其制约主要源于高校所秉持的残障模式。针对两所高校不予视障学生报考硕士研究生的官方答复文本的批判性话语分析发现,“考生不符合要求”构成其语篇的意义核心。具体地,文本一致塑造出“永恒的低能儿”般的失能的视障身份,建构起以告知、排斥、审视为特点的失衡的校生关系,其观念建构方面的偏颇在于,仅仅依循残障医学模式的驱动和片面行政权威的加持,而将考生“合法”拒斥,空悬了现代化进程中赋能与赋权的残障模式转向,以及大学使命和师道信仰。歧视性制度的区隔和偏见性观念的辖制是该话语生成的社会意识形态土壤。Recently,the state has made significant strides in ensuring equal educational rights for people with disabilities,while visually impaired students still face obstacles in higher education,such as being denied examination opportunities or rejected by universities.These barriers primarily arise from the disability models adopted by institutions.A critical discourse analysis of official responses from two universities that refused to admit visually impaired students into master’s programs reveals that the core narrative centers on“applicants not meeting requirements”.The texts consistently portray visually impaired individuals as“permanently disabled”,constructing an imbalanced institution-student relationship marked by exclusion and scrutiny.This biased perspective,driven by the medical model of disability and reinforced by administrative authority,justifies the“legitimate”rejection of applicants.It neglects the shift towards empowerment and inclusivity in modern disability frameworks,as well as the mission of universities and academic integrity.Discriminatory policies and societal prejudices fuel this discourse.

关 键 词：教育公平 全纳教育 残障模式 视力障碍学生 批判性话语分析 

分 类 号：G76[文化科学—特殊教育学]