先秦儒家德政的形上学认知基础  

The Metaphysical Cognitive Basis of Moral Governance in Pre-Qin Confucianism

作　　者：赵志浩[1] Zhao Zhihao(Institute of Philosophy and Religion,Henan Academy of Social Sciences,Zhengzhou Henan 451464,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省社会科学院哲学与宗教研究所,河南郑州451464

出　　处：《衡阳师范学院学报》2024年第5期56-62,共7页Journal of Hengyang Normal University

摘　　要：西周时期的天命信仰增加了伦理和道德内涵,构成了当时政治合法性与正义性的基础。先秦儒家把天意政治改造为民意政治,同时为政治设定了超越性的形上学基础,不但使政治具有了较强的人文价值,还使得政治具有了道德信仰根基。政治是完成儒家形上学认识论目标的重要环节,政治实践通过践行天道而通达天命。政治实践是个人德性修养的过程,也是把握超验性之天、天命和天道的过程,最终目的是实现超验(天)和经验(人)的统一。天的“好生”之德决定了儒家德性政治既要维护生命的多样性,又要维护人类群体中贫弱者的利益,从而确保生态正义和分配正义。The belief in heavenly mandate during the Western Zhou Dynasty added ethical and moral connotations,which formed the foundation of political legitimacy and justice at that time.Pre-Qin Confucianism transformed the politics of divine will into the politics of public opinion,while setting a transcendent metaphysical foundation for politics.This not only endowed politics with strong humanis⁃tic value,but also gave it a moral belief foundation.Politics is an important link in achieving the epistemological goals of Confucianism,and political practice leads to the realization of the mandate of heaven through practicing the Way of Heaven.Political practice is the process of personal moral cultivation,as well as the process of grasping the transcendent nature of heaven,destiny,and Tao,ultimately achieving the unity of transcendent(heaven)and experiential(human).The virtue of"good life"in heaven determines that Confucian moral politics should not only maintain the diversity of life,but also safeguard the interests of the poor and weak in the human communi⁃ty,thereby ensuring ecological justice and distributive justice.

关 键 词：先秦儒家 德政 超验认知 道德信仰 民心政治 

分 类 号：B222[哲学宗教—中国哲学]