儒家如何定位道德情感?——以朝鲜前期的“四七论辩”为中心  

How does Confucianism Define Moral Feelings?Focusing on the“Four-Seven Debates”in the Early Joseon Dynasty

作　　者：卢兴[1] LU Xing

机构地区：[1]南开大学中国哲学研究中心,天津300350

出　　处：《孔子研究》2024年第5期132-143,160,共13页Confucius Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“四七之辩与儒家情感哲学的演进”(项目编号:19FZXB069)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在先秦儒学中,“四端”代表道德情感,“七情”代表自然情感,孟子强调“四端”的超越性。至宋代理学,朱子以“性(理)/情(气)”的二元模式将“四端”置于形下之域,弱化了孟子关于道德情感与自然情感的划界。朝鲜前期的“四七之辩”在朱子学的框架之内展开,退溪力图以“理发”凸显“四端”的超越性,将“四端”与“七情”视为异质异层的两种情感。而栗谷恪守朱子“情即气”的界定,将“四端”与“七情”视为同层包含的关系,并以至善之“意”作为引导“情”的超越因素,在某种意义上成为道德情感的替代性方案。In the Confucianism of the pre-Qin period,the“Four beginnings”(Si Duan)represent moral feelings,and the“Seven emotions”(Qi Qing)represent natural emotions.Mencius emphasized the transcendence of the“Four beginnings”.In the Neo-Confucianism of Song Dynasty,Zhu Xi placed the“Four beginnings”in the physical realm,with the binary model of“Xing”(Nature)/“Li”(Principle)and“Qing”(Emotion)/“Qi”(Matter).This method weakened Mencius’s demarcation between moral feeilngs and natural emotions.The“Four-Seven Debate”in the Early Joseon Dynasty unfolded within the framework of Zhuism.Toegye tried to highlight the transcendence of the“Four beginnings”by deriving from“Li”,and regarded the“Four beginnings”and the“Seven Emotions”as two kinds of emotions which belong to different natures and layers.While Yulgok adhered to Zhu Xi’s definition of“Qing belongs to Qi”,and regarded the“Four beginnings”and the“Seven Emotions”as inclusion relationship at the same layer.He used the“Yi”(will)of supreme goodness as the transcendent factor to guide“Qing”,which in a sense became an alternative project for moral feelings.

关 键 词：四端 七情 道德情感 李退溪 李栗谷 

分 类 号：B222[哲学宗教—中国哲学]