螺蛳粉米粉表面污染霉菌的分离鉴定  

Isolation and Identification of Molds on the Surface of River Snail Rice Noodles

作　　者：刘群 熊小迪 刘兴 林华 李丽[1,2] 张李香 陈乃中[1,2] 刘涛[1,2] LIU Qun;XIONG Xiaodi;LIU Xing;LI Hua;LI Li;ZHANG Lixiang;CHEN Naizhong;LIU Tao(Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine,Beijing 100123,China;Liuzhou River Snail Rice Noodle Quality and Safety Joint Laboratory,Liuzhou 545001,China;Liuzhou Quality Inspection and Testing Research Center,Liuzhou 545001,China;College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080,China)

机构地区：[1]中国检验检疫科学研究院,北京100123 [2]柳州螺蛳粉质量安全联合实验室,广西柳州545001 [3]柳州市质量检验检测研究中心,广西柳州545001 [4]黑龙江大学现代农业与生态环境学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《现代食品科技》2024年第10期146-153,共8页Modern Food Science and Technology

基　　金：中国检验检疫科学研究院基本科研业务费(2022JK48);柳州市质量检验检测研究中心自主科技项目(LZZJZX-KJ-220002);国家市场监管总局技术保障专项“食品储运生物污染控制专项”。

摘　　要：螺蛳粉米粉加工储藏过程中的霉菌污染会影响米粉品质。为明确螺蛳粉米粉上霉菌的生物多样性,该研究以柳州螺蛳粉干米粉为样品,对其表面霉菌种类进行了分离鉴定及菌落形态、孢子萌发、菌丝生长等生物学特性分析。通过ITS-rDNA测序及NCBI序列比对,分离获得的32株真菌可以分为11个属,其中青霉属(Penicillium sp.)占6.3%、枝孢属(Cladosporium sp.)占40.6%、链格孢属(Alternaria sp.)占9.4%、曲霉属(Aspergillus sp.)占9.4%,篮状菌属(Talaromyces sp.)占9.4%,以上是米粉表面主要的优势真菌;系统发育树表明,分离获得的真菌同已知真菌序列相似度均达99%以上;对优势真菌孢子萌发和菌丝生长测定发现,青霉属真菌具有较快的孢子萌发率和菌丝扩展率,而曲霉属和枝孢属真菌虽然菌丝蔓延较快,但前期产孢较少。该研究首次对米粉表面霉菌种类进行分离鉴定的报道,研究结果表明,米粉上污染的霉菌种群多样性较高,存在一定的食品质量安全风险,研究结果可为米粉霉菌污染控制消除技术开发提供借鉴。Mold contamination can adversely affect the quality of river snail rice noodles.To clarify the mold biodiversity,molds on the surface of river snail rice noodles were isolated and identified,and their growth characteristics(colony morphology,spore germination,and mycelial growth)were analyzed.Comparison of ITS-rDNA sequences and NCBI sequences revealed the isolation of 32 mold species under 11 mold genera,with five dominant mold species identified,namely Penicillium sp.(6.3%),Cladosporium sp.(40.6%),Alternaria sp.(9.4%),Aspergillus sp.(9.4%),and Talaromyces sp.(9.4%).The phylogenetic tree showed that these isolates exhibited high similarity(>99%)with the known mold species.Penicillium sp.exhibited the highest spore germination and mycelial growth rates,whereas Aspergillus sp.and Cladosporium sp.exhibited low spore germination rates during the early stage despite their high mycelial growth rates.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first report on the isolation and identification of molds on the surface of river snail rice noodles,revealing a variety of mold species on the surface of rice noodles that indicate potential risks in food quality and safety.The findings of this study can facilitate the development of intervention technology for eliminating mold contamination in river snail rice noodles.

关 键 词：米粉 霉菌污染 分离鉴定 优势菌株 生长特性 

分 类 号：TS213.3[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程] TS201.3[轻工技术与工程—食品科学与工程]