人工智能时代的真理问题与教育责任  

Truth-Related Issues and Educational Responsibilities in the Age of Artificial Intelligence

作　　者：徐子燕 石中英 Xu Ziyan;Shi Zhongying(Institute of Education,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084)

机构地区：[1]清华大学教育研究院,北京100084

出　　处：《教育研究》2024年第10期26-37,共12页Educational Research

基　　金：北京市教育科学“十四五”规划2023年度优先关注项目“运用现代信息技术深化教育教学质量评价的研究”(编号:BGEA23019)的研究成果。

摘　　要：近年来,人工智能引发了知识生产、传播与学习方式的重大变革,在为教育带来新机遇的同时,也深刻地影响了人类的真理观。在真理标准方面,生成式人工智能、人工智能与大数据技术驱动下的数字平台挑战了传统上符合论、融贯论与效用论的真理标准,试图通过复制重组人类已有知识与信念,以商业逻辑下的流量为标准重新定义真理;在真理认识方面,人工智能介入真理认识过程,突破了理性主义与经验主义的真理认识传统方式,同时带来知识生产过程不透明、不可解释等问题;在真理信念方面,人工智能挑战了真理存在、人类能够认识真理、人类具有追求真理的使命、真理具有广泛价值等传统真理信念。因此,人工智能时代,教育者需要承担相应的真理责任。一方面,应当提升自身真理素养,包括破解以往教育中教条主义真理标准的束缚;充分理解人工智能参与真理生产的机理;正确认识人工智能带来的真理观念转变,同时坚定对真理的信念等。另一方面,要引导学生在人工智能时代正确认识并探索真理,包括引导学生思考真理标准;帮助学生反思“流量真理观”,学会对算法推荐的信息加以甄别,确立人类在真理认识中的主体地位;加强人工智能素养教育,引导学生利用人工智能探索和追求真理;通过自由的批判式对话与人机融合共创的积极尝试,帮助学生建立对真理的信念,使学生成为真理的信奉者、追求者与捍卫者。Over the past few years,artificial intelligence(Al)has triggered great changes in the way knowledge is produced,disseminated,and learned.It brings new opportunities to education,and has a deep effect on humans'outlook on truth.In terms of the standards for truth,generative artificial intelligence(GenAI)and the digital platform driven by AI and big data technologies challenge the traditional truth-specific standards for theories about conformity,coherence and utility,and try to redefine truth by copying and reorganizing humans'existing knowledge and beliefs,and using the flow under the business logic as a standard for truth;in terms of how to know truth,AI engages in knowing truth,breaks through the traditional rationalistic and empiricist ways of knowing truth,and brings about such problems as the opaque and unexplainable process of knowledge production;in terms of the belief in truth,AI challenges the traditional beliefs in truth,such as the existence of truth,humans'ability to know truth,humans'mission of pursuing truth,and the extensive value of truth.Therefore,in the age of Al,educators need to bear corresponding truth-specific responsibilities.On one hand,educators need to improve their truth-specific competencies,including breaking the shackles of the dogmatic standards for truth in previous education;fully understanding the mechanism for AI's participation in truth production;and correctly understanding the Al-triggered changes in the concepts of truth,and firmly following the beliefs in truth.On the other hand,educators need to guide students to corectly understand and explore truth in the era of AI,including guiding them to think about the standards for truth;helping them to reflect on the"concept of flow-oriented truth,"learn to screen the information recommended by algorithms,and establish human agency in their knowing of truth;strengthening AI literacy education,and guiding students to use AI to explore and pursue truth;and helping students to establish beliefs in truth and thus become those who belie

关 键 词：人工智能 大语言模型 真理观 教育责任 

分 类 号：G434[文化科学—教育学]