生成式人工智能的语言局限:一种从“观看”达致理解的教育  

Language Limitations of Generative Artificial Intelligence:A Type of Education from"Watching"to Understanding

作　　者：高洁[1] 叶蕊 蔡春[2] Gao Jie;Ye Rui;Cai Chun(College of Education,Capital Normal University;Capital Normal University,Beijing 100037)

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学教育学院 [2]首都师范大学,北京100037

出　　处：《教育研究》2024年第10期148-159,共12页Educational Research

摘　　要：生成式人工智能因其语言的流畅使人们认为其能够思维。但人类语言涵盖诸多因素,真正表征理解的语言是将能指与所指、情境与行动进行融合并举出实例的语言。生成式人工智能的语言通过函数公式将数字符号与语词形式一一对应,仅仅是对符号的预测与摆放,并不像人类一般,擅长在观点判断后举出符合多条件的真实例子。人类的语言是在描述范例的过程中,而非对本质进行抽象概括的过程中达致对真实世界的理解。之所以人工智能无法举例是因为范例源于人类“观看”的视觉机制。人的“观看”是“视域之看”,使事物的整体性与可能性显现,使人直接“看到”本质。通过“观看”,人的主体性与创造性才可被激发。在此意义上,真正使学生理解的教育需要教师改变对“观看”的认知,从只在乎“思考”转向注重“观看”。教“意谓”,“意谓”中自有“解释”的通达;注重“观看”的引导,“观看”中自有“思考”的训练;最终达致主体性的激发与创造性的生成。Generative artificial intelligence(GenAl)leads people to believe that it can think due to its fluent language.However,human language encompasses a multitude of factors,and a language genuinely representing understanding is one that integrates signifiers and those that are signified,along with context and action,and give illustrative examples.GenAlproduced language,which maps numerical symbols to lexical forms with functional formula,indicates merely the prediction and arrangement of symbols.GenAI cannot work like humans,who can,after judging a statement,give real examples that meet multiple conditions.Thus,human language conveys an understanding of the real world by describing examples rather than generalizing the essence.The inability of AI to generate examples stems from the fact that examples arise from the visual mechanism inherent in human"watching."As"watching within a vision,"human"watching"reveals both wholeness and possibilities of things,and makes humans directly"see"their essence.Through"watching,'individuals can stimulate their subjectivity and creativity.In this sense,to make students understand education,teachers need to change their cognition of"watching"from merely"thinking"to focusing on"watching."Teachers need to teach students to"describe a vivid phenomenon,"which contains relevant"interpretations";pay attention to guiding students'"watching,"which contains training about"thinking";and ultimately stimulate students'subjectivity and creativity.

关 键 词：生成式人工智能 语言 “观看” 理解 教育本质 

分 类 号：G434[文化科学—教育学]