延长九年义务教育年限:可能与可行?——基于近40年来文献的考察  

Exploring the Possibility and Feasibility of Extending Nine⁃Year Compulsory Education:A Textual Analysis of Four Decades of Literature

作　　者：王晓燕[1] WANG Xiaoyan(Institute of Educational Theory,China National Academy of Educational Sciences,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国教育科学研究院教育理论研究所,北京100088

出　　处：《河北师范大学学报（教育科学版）》2024年第6期131-140,共10页Journal of Hebei Normal University(Educational Science)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“十四五”规划2022年度教育学一般课题“国际比较视野下中等教育普职分流模式研究”(BDA220034)。

摘　　要：延长义务教育年限是基础教育学制改革的核心问题。近40年来,国内学者聚焦延长九年义务教育年限的必要性、方向性、可行性、紧迫性、有效性、参照性等六个核心议题取得了一定的研究成果。从延长的可能性看,学术界目前关于九年义务教育年限延长主要提出“向上延”和“向下延”两种方案。但从延长的可行性看,延长义务教育年限是一个涉及经济、人口、文化、法律及社会对教育综合效益预期等多重因素的复杂问题,在教育经费测算、学龄人口规模和结构预测等方面尚存在进一步论证的空间。我国正迈入高质量发展阶段,延长义务教育年限有助于实现我国“人口红利”向“人力红利”的转型,要进一步聚焦研究目标深化基础理论研究、强化实证研究、拓展比较研究、加强跨学科研究,关注义务教育年限与学制改革中的学段划分、学段衔接、弹性学制等核心要素的关联,在已有研究基础上强化对延长义务教育年限的立法保障、实施方案和推进路径的研究。The extension of compulsory education represents a critical frontier in primary education reform.Over four decades,Chinese scholars have extensively examined six core dimensions of extending the current nine-year compulsory education system:necessity,strategic direction,feasibility,urgency,effectiveness,and international precedents.Current academic discourse presents two primary expansion models:“upward extension”to include higher grades and“downward extension”to encompass early education.However,implementing such extensions requires careful consideration of complex interconnected factors,including economic capacity,demographic shifts,cultural contexts,legal frameworks,and societal expectations of educational benefits.Critical areas requiring further investigation include precise educational funding calculations and demographic projections of school-age populations.As China transitions into a phase of high-quality development,extending compulsory education could catalyze the nation’s transformation from leveraging a“demographic dividend”to cultivating a“human resource dividend.”Future research priorities should include:strengthening theoretical foundations,expanding empirical studies,conducting comparative international analyses,and fostering interdisciplinary approaches.Particular attention must be paid to how extended compulsory education interacts with other systemic elements,such as the articulation between educational stages and the implementation of flexible learning pathways.Additionally,research must address legislative frameworks,implementation strategies,and scalable pathways for extending compulsory education,building upon existing scholarly foundations.

关 键 词：延长义务教育年限 义务教育 基础教育 可能性 可行性 文献考察 

分 类 号：G620[文化科学—教育学]