国内外高校教师职业紧张状况研究综述  

A Review of Occupational Stress among University Teachers at Home and Abroad

作　　者：申奥琪 孙宇超 雷子辉 冯晶[1] 李欣妍 甘勇[1] SHEN Aoqi(School of Public Health,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,Hubei,430030,China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学同济医学院公共卫生学院,湖北武汉430030

出　　处：《医学与社会》2024年第11期88-94,112,共8页Medicine and Society

基　　金：国家社会科学基金资助重大项目,编号为18ZDA085;国家自然科学基金资助项目,编号为71804049;华中科技大学文科双一流建设项目基金资助项目“华中科技大学教职工心理健康状况调查研究”。

摘　　要：随着社会经济的高速发展,职业紧张状况在国内外高校教师群体中愈渐普遍,导致高校教师出现焦虑、抑郁、倦怠等问题,对我国高校教师心理健康造成严重负面影响。对国内外有关高校教师职业紧张状况研究进行综述发现,高校教师职业紧张状况易受多重因素影响,其中,社会支持、绩效考核、晋升压力、工作环境和工作负荷等是高校教师职业紧张状况的重要影响因素,而不同性别、年龄和学历的高校教师职业紧张程度也有所差异。为缓解高校教师职业紧张心理,高校可通过制定科学的压力管理计划、开展心理健康培训、设置心理热线电话、改善工作氛围等举措提供心理支持。高校教师个人则可通过改善生活方式和积极开展正念训练等方法,强化自身职业紧张状况的应对能力,减少职业紧张程度。With the rapid development of social economy,occupational stress is becoming increasingly common among university teachers worldwide,which has severely affected their physical and mental health.Our review of the occupational stress phenomenon among university teachers at home and abroad found that it is influenced by multiple factors.Most research indicates that social support,performance evaluation,promotion pressure,work environment and workload are important factors contributing to occupational stress among university teachers.There are also differences in occupational stress levels among university teachers based on gender,age,and educational level.For universities,occupational stress of teacher can be alleviated by developing scientific stress management plans,mental health training,psychological hotlines,and improving working atmosphere.For individuals,the ability to cope with occupational stress can be strengthened by improving personal lifestyles and actively conducting mindfulness training,which can effectively alleviate occupational stress.

关 键 词：心理健康 职业紧张 高校 教师 

分 类 号：R-05[医药卫生] R197