聘任制改革情境下高校教师的工作动机与行动选择  

Work Motivation and Action Selection of University Faculty under the Context of Employment System Reform

作　　者：王思懿 秦金磊 姚荣 WANG Siyi;QIN Jinlei;YAO Rong(School of Public Administration,Southwestern University of Finance and Economics,Chengdu,Sichuan 611130,China;Research Institute of Social Development,University of Finance and Economics,Chengdu,Sichuan 611130,China;Institute of Higher Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China)

机构地区：[1]西南财经大学公共管理学院,四川成都611130 [2]西南财经大学社会发展研究院,四川成都611130 [3]华东师范大学高等教育研究所,上海200062

出　　处：《湖南师范大学教育科学学报》2024年第5期29-37,共9页Journal of Educational Science of Hunan Normal University

基　　金：2022年教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“我国研究型大学教师‘准聘—长聘’制改革的实施效应及优化路径研究”[22YJC880074]。

摘　　要：基于自我决定理论,以S大学为案例,采用半结构式访谈法,深入揭示了聘任制改革情境下高校教师作为微观行动者在与宏观制度互动的过程中所形成的多样化的认知框架、工作动机和行动图式。依据教师对改革的认知及其态度倾向的不同,归纳出积极的适应者、乐观的支持者、理性的评论者、无奈的顺应者、悲观的局外人五种身份类型,他们分别对应取得成就型/体验刺激型、认同调节型、摄入调节型、外在调节型、去动机等不同动机类型。其中,乐观的支持者和积极的适应者具有较强的内在动机和较高的自我决定程度,能够保持较高的教学质量和科研产出,并表现出积极主动的进取型学术行为。理性的评论者和无奈的顺应者则具有较强的受控动机,自我决定程度也较低,这促使他们基于经济理性开展工作,并做出基于利益计算的功利化学术行为。悲观的局外人几乎处于非自我决定状态,缺乏职业认同感和组织承诺感,因而整体表现出消极被动的逃离型学术行为。基于教师动机塑造与行为激励的视角,高校应以教师权益保护和职业发展为导向开展人事制度改革,着力构建起支持性的学术环境和发展性的评价体系,以满足教师自主、胜任和发展关系的需要,提升教师的自主动机水平。Based on the self-determination theory and taking University S as a case study,the semi-structured interview method was used to reveal in depth the diverse cognitive frameworks,work motivation,and action schemas formed by college faculty as micro-actors in the process of interacting with the macro-system under the context of the employment system reform.Based on teachers different perceptions of the reform and their attitudinal tendencies,five identity types,namely,positive adapters,optimistic supporters,rational critics,helpless conformists,and pessimistic outsiders,are summarised,which correspond to different types of motivation such as achieving/experiencing stimulus,identity regulator,intake regulator,external regulator,and de-motivator,respectively.Among them,optimistic supporters and positive adapters have strong intrinsic motivation and a high degree of self-determination,are able to maintain high teaching quality and research output,and exhibit proactive and aggressive academic behaviours.Rational critics and helpless conformists,on the other hand,have stronger controlled motivation and a lower degree of self-determination,which prompts them to work on the basis of economic rationality and to engage in utilitarian academic behaviours based on calculations of profit.Pessimistic outsiders are almost in a state of non-self-determination and lack a sense of professional identity and organizational commitment,thus displaying overall passive and escapist academic behaviours.Based on the perspective of teachers motivation shaping and behavioural incentives,colleges and universities should carry out personnel system reforms oriented to the protection of teachers rights and interests and career development,and make efforts to build up supportive academic environments and developmental evaluation systems to satisfy the needs of teachers autonomy,competence and developmental relationships,and to enhance the level of teachers autonomous motivation.

关 键 词：聘任制改革 高校教师 工作动机 行动选择 自我决定理论 

分 类 号：G451.2[文化科学—教育学] G645[文化科学—教育技术学]