成人学习和教育发展的全球图景及对我国未来发展策略的思考  

Global Landscape of Adult Learning and Education and Reflections on China’s Future Development Strategies

作　　者：朱敏 ZHU Min(Institute of Vocational&Adult Education,Faculty of Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学教育学部职业教育与成人教育研究所,上海200062

出　　处：《开放教育研究》2024年第6期111-120,共10页Open Education Research

基　　金：2022年度国家社科基金教育学一般课题“欧洲技能人才继续教育体制发展与政策供给的比较研究”(BJA220249)。

摘　　要：《成人学习和教育全球报告》是理解全球成人教育发展态势的重要途径,对其研究并比照反思,有助于检视我国成人学习和教育发展在全球的状况,为推动新时代的教育开放和参与全球终身教育治理找到着力点。联合国教科文组织2022年在第七届国际成人教育大会上发布的《成人学习和教育全球报告(五)》,呈现了当前国际成人学习和教育发展的基本图景:各国成人学习和教育政策不断完善;纳入社会多元利益主体成为最广泛的共识,治理方式日益多样;成人学习和教育经费以维持原有投入为主,教育部门仍是最大出资方;参与率、规范和质量在稳步提升。然而,全球成人学习和教育潜藏着发展不均衡、不充分的隐忧:领域发展不平衡,公民教育总体处于弱势;地区发展不平衡,传统“西高东低”的发展格局难以突破;终身学习机会不平衡,实现全民学习尚需时日;经费占比长期偏低,社会资金利用有限等。本文借用该报告的分析框架观察与分析我国成人教育发展发现,我国成人教育政策实施与进程监测推进有序,国家立法缺位仍然存在;社会多元利益主体参与机制明确,但治理方式和治理效能需要优化;成人教育经费总体不足,资金来源与分配机制需逐步完善;成人教育参与规模稳步提升,但需强化对不同群体参与公平的保障;已启动成人教育的全面规范和质量管理,但需落实好全过程的整体质量观。UNESCO released the fifth Global Report on Adult Learning and Education(GRALE)in 2022,revealing critical global trends in adult learning and education(ALE).GRALE helps to examine the ALE situation in China better,find priorities in promoting educational openness,and participate in global lifelong education governance in the New Era.GRALE reports the current international ALE development including its continuous improvement of policies in various countries,the inclusion of diverse stakeholders,which has become the broadest consensus,rich and different governance methods,and the funding for ALE with the education sector as the most significant contributor.In addition,it also notes the participation rate,standards,and quality of learning and the fact that education is steadily improving.However,through the analysis and comparison it also reveals concerns of uneven and insufficient development,uneven development in various fields,overall weakness in civic education,and uneven regional development,all of which make it difficult to break through the traditional development pattern of"high in the West and low in the East."GRALE points out that the opportunities for lifelong learning are unbalanced,and it will take time to achieve universal education.The funds have been consistently low,and available social funds are limited.After analyzing the development of ALE in China using the analytical framework of GRALE5,we found that the implementation and progress monitoring of adult education policies in China are well in place with the lack of national adult education legislation.In addition,the mechanism for the participation of multiple stakeholders in society is clear with rooms for optimization in governance methods and effectiveness.The overall funding is insufficient,and the funding sources and distribution mechanisms need to be improved.Fortunately,the scale of participation in adult education in China is steadily increasing.To strengthen the guarantee of fair participation for different groups in ALE,China has initiat

关 键 词：成人学习 成人教育 终身教育 全民终身学习 国际成人教育大会 

分 类 号：G729[文化科学—成人教育学]