教学如何实现德性教化:尊德性而道问学  

How to Cultivate Moral Education in Teaching:Respecting Virtue and Seeking knowledge Through the Tao

作　　者：李长吉 Li Changji(School of Education,W,enzhou University,Wenzhou 325035)

机构地区：[1]温州大学教育学院,温州325035

出　　处：《教育研究与实验》2024年第6期54-62,共9页Educational Research and Experiment

基　　金：国家社会科学基金2020年度教育学一般项目“中国古代教师立德树人的思想与行为研究”(BOA200051)的研究成果。

摘　　要：《中庸》对教学的德性教化使命进行了描述:通过“德性”“理”等命题规定了教学的德性教化使命;通过“率性”“修道”等命题为教学实现德性教化使命规划了路线;通过“自明而诚”“穷理尽性”等命题为教学实现德性教化使命确立了基本方式。以此观照,现实教学存在三种异化现象,即教学的实践伦理属性异化、教学的认识本质异化、教学的交往本质异化。教学德性教化使命的实现路径在于尊德性而道问学,这一路径需要基于德性之知进行三种转变:转变知识目的观,强化德性之知意识;转变知识价值观,追求即物穷理;转变知识主体观,促成学生向内观照自身,实现内心省悟。通过尊德性而道问学走向德性之知的教学过程包含了有机联系的四个阶段:对闻见之知的传授和学习阶段、德性意蕴的外部诠释阶段、德性意蕴的内化体悟阶段、德性之知的自觉成长阶段。The Zhongyong describes the mission of moral education in teaching:it defines the mission of moral education in teaching through propositions such as"virtue"and"reason";it charts the course for teaching to realize the mission of moral education through propositions such as"spontaneity"and"cultivation"in teaching;and the basic way to achieve the mission of moral education in teaching has been established through propositions such as"self-righteousness and sincerity"and"exhaustive reasoning".From this perspective,there are three alienation phenomena in the reality of teaching,namely the alienation of the practical ethical attributes of teaching,the alienation of the cognitive essence of teaching,and the alienation of the communicative essence of teaching.The realization path of the mission of teaching and virtue education lies in respecting virtue and seeking knowledge through the Tao.This path requires three transformations based on the knowledge of virtue:transforming the view of knowledge purpose and strengthening the awareness of knowledge of virtue;transforming knowledge values and pursuing the pursuit of materialism;and transforming the perspective of knowledge subjects,promoting students to reflect on themselves internally and achieve inner enlightenment.The teaching process of cultivating moral knowledge through respecting virtue involves four stages of organic connection:the stage of imparting and learning knowledge through hearing and observation,the stage of external interpretation of moral implications,the stage of internalizing and comprehending moral implications,and the stage of conscious growth of moral knowledge.

关 键 词：教学 德性教化 德性之知 

分 类 号：G420[文化科学—课程与教学论]