“上名校”还是“爱专业”:不同家庭背景学生的强基计划选择动机研究  

“Elite University”or“Major-Related Interest”:A Study on the Motivation of Students from Different Family Backgrounds to Choose the“Pilot Reform Program of Enrollment for Fundamental Disciplines”

作　　者：吴宇川[1] 郭丛斌 武玮 秦博 WU Yuchuan;GUO Congbin;WU Wei;QIN Bo(Peking University,Beijing 100871;Human Resources Development Center of the Ministry of Natural Resources,Beijing 100860)

机构地区：[1]北京大学教育学院/教育经济研究所,北京100871 [2]北京大学教育经济研究所,北京100871 [3]自然资源部人力资源开发中心,北京100860

出　　处：《中国高教研究》2024年第11期10-19,共10页China Higher Education Research

摘　　要：家庭背景是学生进行高等教育选择决策时最重要的影响因素。如果相对优势家庭倾向于以“上名校”作为强基计划的选择动机,则强基计划的选拔有效性极有可能受到削弱。基于北京大学教育学院开展的全国高校学生发展调查数据,对学生家庭背景与强基计划选择动机之间的关系进行研究,发现虽然强基学生中以专业兴趣为选择动机的比例高于追逐名校的功利主义动机比例,且家庭背景与专业兴趣动机之间没有显著的相关关系,但较之相对弱势家庭,相对优势家庭的强基学生更热衷于追逐名校。这种对名校的偏好主要体现在那些来自经济相对发达区域的学生群体中。倡导尊重与支持子女的家庭关系、给予学生充分的信息支持有助于减少相对优势家庭追逐名校的功利主义动机,有助于鼓励以专业兴趣为导向的强基计划选择动机。Family background is the most important factor for students to make decisions on higher education.If families with relative advantages tend to choose the“Pilot Reform Program of Enrollment for Fundamental Disciplines”(PRPEFD)in order to attend elite universities,the selection effectiveness of PRPEFD is likely to be weakened.Based on the survey data which Graduate School of Education in Peking University held in the investigation of national college students'development,this paper studies the relationship between students'family background and their motivation for choosing PRPEFD.It is found that although the proportion of PRPEFD students taking major interest as their choice motivation is higher than that of utilitarian motivation for chasing elite universities,and there is no significant correlation between family background and major interest motivation,compared with families with relative disadvantages,PRPEFD students from families with relative advantages are more keen to chase elite universities.This preference for elite universities is mainly reflected in the student groups who come from relatively developed regions.Advocating the family relationship of“respecting and supporting children”and giving students sufficient information support will help reduce the utilitarian motivation of families with relative advantages to pursue elite universities,and help encourage the major-related interest motivation.

关 键 词：强基计划 基础学科 选择动机 家庭背景 

分 类 号：G649.2[文化科学—高等教育学]