美国科学实践活动的内涵、类型与实施路径  

The Connotation, Types and Pathways of Scientific Practices in the United States

作　　者：干沈成 杜蕾[1] 谢小林 杨晓艺 王晶莹 GAN Shencheng;DU Lei;XIE Xiaolin;YANG Xiaoyi;WANG Jingying(The Research Institute of Science Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;College of Teacher Education,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学科学教育研究院,北京100875 [2]首都师范大学教师教育学院,北京100048

出　　处：《世界教育信息》2024年第11期73-80,共8页Journal of World Education

基　　金：中国科学院学部咨询评议项目“生成式人工智能技术赋能科学教育发展战略研究”;中国科协研究生科普能力提升项目(编号:KXYJS2024013)。

摘　　要：科学实践是对科学探究的继承与发展,是在工程、技术等多学科指导下解决真实情境中的问题的过程。美国《K-12科学教育框架:实践、跨学科概念与核心概念》及其衍生的《下一代科学标准》中描绘了多项科学与工程实践活动,具体包括提出问题与定义问题,开发和使用模型,计划和开展调查,分析和解释数据,使用数学和计算思维,构建解释和设计方案,根据证据进行论证,获取、评估和交流信息八个活动类型,各类实践活动都具有其独特的内涵、重要的价值和具体的实施路径。分析八类实践活动能为科学实践教学提供参考,赋能科学核心素养培育。Scientific practice builds on and advances scientific inquiry,involving the process of solving problems in real situations through the application of engineering,technology and other multidisciplinary approaches.The Framework for K-12 Science Education:Practices,Crosscutting Concepts,and Core Ideas and its derivative Next Generation Science Standards depict various science and engineering practices,specifically including problem posing and definition,model development and usage,investigation planning and execution,data analysis and interpretation,application of mathematical and computational thinking,construction explanations and design scenarios,argumentation based on evidence,and information acquisition,evaluation,and communication.Each type of practice has its unique connotation,key value,and specific implementation pathway.Analyzing these eight types of practices can provide valuable insights for practical science teaching and empower the cultivation of core science literacy.

关 键 词：科学实践 科学教育 工程实践 

分 类 号：G420[文化科学—课程与教学论]